基于SINS/DVL/GPS的AUV组合导航技术

为了提高自主水下航行器组合导航系统的精度,选择了捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)和多普勒速度声纳(DVL)导航为主、GPS卫星导航系统为辅的组合导航方法.通过Kalman滤波技术对组合导航的误差状态进行了估计,并采用反馈校正的方法修正SINS的导航误差.仿真结果表明SINS/DVL/GPS的组合导航可以有效地提高水下航行器SINS/DVL组合导航系统的导航精度,满足AUV远距离航行的精度需求.     

低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统仿真

捷联惯导系统(SINS)由于受到自身传感器性能和惯性导航原理的影响,导航定位误差较大。随着GPS导航系统性能的不断完善以及GPS固有的一些不足之处,将SINS和GPS两者进行组合形成组合导航系统,以此来完成载体的导航任务成为目前的研究热点。针对一种适合于工程应用的低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统进行了仿真研究,并对该组合导航系统建立了一种工程化的系统模型。利用自适应卡尔曼滤波器对系统误差进行估计,获得了良好的效果。通过仿真实验验证了所建立的系统模型能够满足组合导航系统的功能要求并具有良好的稳定性。     

SINS/北斗/GPS组合导航系统研究

对SINS、北斗双星定位系统以及GPS全球定位系统三者的组合进行了研究.应用联邦自适应卡尔曼滤波技术实现了SINS、北斗和GPS的组合导航,建立了组合导航系统的数学模型,并针对系统产生的量测延时和异步问题给出了较好的解决方案.最后对系统进行了仿真试验,仿真结果表明该组合导航系统具有较高的精度和容错性能,此方案具有较好的工程应用价值.     

高超声速飞行器组合导航系统研究

为提高高超声速飞行器的导航精度,在SINS/GPS位置、速度组合导航模型基础上增加了GPS姿态信息,推导了姿态算法中姿态角误差与平台误差角的关系。通过理论分析说明了其可消除数学模型误差,提高系统的姿态精度,并以此建立了SINS/GPS组合导航系统姿态、位置、速度观测方程。通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性,结果表明SINS/GPS姿态、位置、速度组合导航可以有效提高高超声速飞行器导航定位精度。     

高动态环境下基于H_∞滤波的深组合导航技术

捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/全球定位系统(GPS)组合导航系统是适用飞机和现代武器装备的高精度导航系统。针对高动态环境下GPS/SINS组合导航系统的定位精度问题,以炮射无人机为例提出基于H∞滤波技术的SINS/GPS伪距、伪距率深组合导航方案,用于提高高动态环境下组合导航系统的精度和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,H∞滤波器不但比Kalman滤波器鲁棒性强,而且可用于带有强有色噪声的高动态系统中,并能保持较高的精度。     

组合导航系统的神经元信息融合模型

提出了一种基于神经元状态融合的组合导航系统信息融合模型 ,给出了神经元融合权重在线自适应学习算法。将该模型应用于车载SINS/GPS组合导航系统 ,通过仿真计算和实验室静态组合导航实验 ,验证了该信息融合模型及融合权重在线自适应学习算法在实际应用中的有效性和可行性。     

基于UKF算法的SINS/GPS全组合导航系统研究

将UKF算法用于低成本的SINS/GPS全姿态组合导航系统中,提出了一种GPS测量姿态角的方法,推导了姿态角误差与平台失准角的关系,建立了系统的非线性误差模型,设计了UKF滤波器。仿真结果表明,通过将UKF算法用于SINS/GPS全姿态组合导航系统中,系统的可观测性得到了改善,提高了导航精度。     

SINS/GPS 组合导航系统的修正自适应滤波方法

模型误差和噪声是导致SINS/GPS组合导航计算发散的主要原因.提出了一种适用SINS/GPS组合导航计算的残差监控加权修正自适应卡尔曼滤波方法,利用滤波残差的均值和方差不断对卡尔曼滤波的状态噪声方差阵和测量噪声方差阵进行实时修正,提高了滤波器对模型不确定性和噪声变化的适应能力和鲁棒性,显著改善了组合导航系统的定位精度.通过SINS/GPS组合导航系统仿真,验证了方法的可行性.     

低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统的研究

以简易制导航弹为对象,进行了低成本组合导航系统的研究。惯性导航系统具有体积小,功耗低等特点,但定位误差随时间积累,所以长期稳定性比较差。目前应用最多的卫星导航是美国的GPS,GPS具有良好的长期稳定性,但使用受制于美国政府,而且它的动态定位性能比较差以及更新率比较低。将两者结合起来,建立了适合工程应用的低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统,应用自适应卡尔曼滤波技术实现数据的融合,并对系统进行了动态跑车试验,试验结果表明,该组合导航系统提高了导航精度。此方案具有较好的工程应用价值。     

高超声速巡航飞行器中制导研究

通过分析目前应用较为普遍的几种组合导航方式,针对高超声速巡航飞行器,提出了采用捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/GPS/天文导航系统(CNS)组合导航作为其中段制导方案,并利用四元数法进行捷联惯性导航计算,运用联邦滤波方法对组合导航进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该方案行之有效。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.