陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板抗高速侵彻性能研究

为探讨陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板(ceramic/thin steel targets,CS靶板)的抗高速侵彻机理,通过弹道试验,分析了3 mm厚SiC陶瓷层和0.6 mm厚钢板层的CS靶板的破坏模式和抗侵彻性能,并与面密度基本相同的纯钢板进行了比较。在此基础上,基于能量守恒原理,建立了CS靶板抗高速侵彻的理论预测模型,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,CS靶板中前陶瓷层的存在,使得后钢板层的破坏模式由剪切冲塞转变为花瓣开裂,大大提升了后钢板层的抗侵彻吸能效率,从而使得CS靶板的整体抗侵彻性能高于等面密度的纯钢板,CS靶板的整体抗侵彻效率较等面密度纯钢板提升15%以上;弹体穿透CS靶板后的剩余速度理论预测值与试验结果吻合较好,相对误差均在5%以内,验证了理论模型的合理性和有效性。     

高速杆式弹侵彻下蓄液结构耗能机理数值分析

为探讨蓄液结构的耗能机理,采用瞬态非线性有限元,揭示了杆式弹侵彻下蓄液结构的破坏过程和模式,研究了其能量耗散机制,并对比分析了有无液体时蓄液结构前后面板不同厚度配比下的弹道极限速度。结果表明:弹体侵入蓄液结构后,其冲击动能主要转化为液体的动能;弹体射出后,液体通过空泡膨胀挤压蓄液结构变形的方式,将其动能再逐步转化为结构的变形能。固定蓄液结构前后面板总厚度8mm不变,未蓄液下其弹道极限速度随前后面板厚度比的增大呈先增加后降低的趋势,在前后面板厚度配比为4/4时抗侵彻能力最强;蓄液时其弹道极限度随前后面板厚度比的增加而不断降低,在厚度配比为1/7时抗侵彻能力最强。     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层抗侵彻数值模拟

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢纤维体积分数为0,0.5%,1.0%,钢管壁厚度为4,7.5 mm的钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层进行抗侵彻数值模拟研究,引入JHC模型来描述钢纤维高强混凝土在高速、高压环境下的非线性变形和破坏情况。通过分析距离中心侵彻位置不同节点的位移变化曲线,研究了钢管分隔作用对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,并与现场试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。同时,研究了钢纤维体积分数及钢管壁厚度对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,结果表明:钢纤维的掺入减轻了弹体的破坏效应、限制了侵彻深度;钢管壁厚度的增加使其更好地发挥了自身的套箍及吸能作用,提高了遮弹层整体的抗侵彻能力。     

Kevlar纤维层合板抗弹性能的数值模拟

采用Ansys/Ls-dyna建立了Kevlar纤维层合板的三维有限元模型,模拟了Kevlar纤维层合板的抗侵彻过程和抗弹性能,模拟结果与实验吻合较好,证明了模拟方法以及模型参数的合理性.在此基础上讨论了靶板的抗弹机理以及破坏方式,分析得到了随着靶板厚度的变化,抗弹性能会出现一个拐点,靶板破坏方式会发生变化,而在拐点之...     

低速大质量球头弹冲击下薄板塑性动力响应分析

为研究半穿甲导弹冲击下舷侧结构抗侵彻性能及机理,探讨舷侧抗半穿甲导弹侵彻结构设计,假设低速大质量球头弹冲击下薄板的穿甲破坏可分为隆起变形、碟形变形和弹体贯穿3个阶段,采用理想刚-塑性材料本构模型,同时考虑剪切、弯曲及薄膜拉伸对薄板变形和失效的作用,分析了薄板在冲击过程中的塑性动力响应及三个阶段中的变形吸能,并采用材料有效塑性应变失效准则分析了薄板的穿甲破坏准则,得到了弹体穿甲后的剩余动能和速度、薄板的弹道极限速度以及薄板的最大塑性变形。模型计算结果与实验结果及有限元分析结果吻合良好。     

低速冲击下玻璃钢/钢复合结构损伤特性实验研究

考虑基体材料的不同增韧特性,针对两种不同的玻纤织物增强复合材料/钢复合结构进行低速冲击实验,采用超声波探伤仪对玻璃钢损伤区域进行了探测.结果表明,采用增韧基体的玻璃钢/钢复合结构在低速冲击下玻璃钢层的抗冲击能力更强,相同能量冲击下的损伤面积更小;损伤面积近似呈正方形分布,正方形对角线与纤维方向一致.     

UHMWPE纤维织物复合靶板抗弹性能研究

为研究不同织物结构的高性能纤维材料复合时的抗弹性能,采用超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维单向无纬(Unidirectional,UD)布及2维(2D)织物制备UD布/2D织物复合靶板,并根据GA141-2010标准对其进行靶试试验。结果表明:UD布/2D织物的复合结构能够有效抵御7.62 mm手枪弹侵彻,且2D织物部分在弹丸侵彻之后纤维并未被严重破坏,将其与UD布复合后,有利于抵御多发弹的侵彻。     

一种钢-铝金属间隙装甲抗小口径穿甲弹的性能研究

为了研究间隙装甲的靶板间距和倾角对装甲抗弹性能的影响规律,设计了一种装甲钢-装甲铝间隙装甲,并进行了不同初速度15.5 mm穿甲弹侵彻该间隙装甲的试验,研究不同弹丸初速下,弹丸和弹靶的破坏形式和破坏机理,在数值模拟和试验结果具有较高的一致性前提下,进一步研究装甲倾角和靶板间距对装甲抗弹性能的影响规律。结果表明：在一定弹靶条件下,装甲倾角较小时(<20°),倾角效应为负效应,装甲倾角较大时(>20°),倾角效应为正效应;当靶板间距小于弹长时,间隙效应呈现负效应,装甲的抗弹性能下降6.7%～18.9%;靶板间距大于弹长时,随着装甲倾角的增大,间隙效应逐渐向正效应转变,装甲的抗弹能力提高25%。研究结果揭示了该钢-铝间隙装甲的抗弹性能,可以为间隙装甲的设计提供有效支持。     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板穿甲破坏机理

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析不同初始速度下弹体的变形、靶板的破坏模式以及靶板的破口大小和形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区、弯曲区、拉伸区、对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形、碟形变形、弯曲变形、弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏、隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

球头弹低速斜侵彻下薄板穿甲破坏机理研究

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析了不同初始速度下弹体的变形,靶板的破坏模式,以及靶板的破口大小及形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明：低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区,弯曲区,拉伸区和对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形,碟形变形,弯曲变形,弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏,隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏,隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.