干扰条件下地空导弹群射击指控效能评估模型

为定量评估地空导弹群射击指挥控制效能,在分析地空导弹指挥控制过程的基础上,运用解析法,首先建立了情报指挥通信干扰条件下目标杀伤概率计算模型,然后分别给出了假目标干扰和复合干扰时杀伤概率的计算方法,最后通过算例分析验证了模型的可行性和有效性,得出了具有实用价值的结论。仿真实验结果表明,指示射击的火力单元数量和指挥方式对射击效果有着显著影响。     

地空导弹武器系统作战效能评估方法

基于作战任务与作战仿真,提出了一种综合考虑射击效能和有效防卫范围的地空导弹武器系统作战效能评估方法,给出了适用于任意部署条件的防卫角通用计算模型。该方法对地空导弹武器系统的规划论证、作战使用均有一定参考价值。尤其是防卫角的通用计算模型,对地空导弹武器系统在野战条件下的阵地部署有较大的指导意义。     

地空导弹群火力优化分配模型

地空导弹群火力优化分配是对多批空中目标分别选择最有效的地空导弹火力单元进行拦截,形成最佳兵力、兵器使用方案,它是地空导弹武器指控系统的一项重要功能。从研究地空导弹群火力优化分配过程出发,建立了地空导弹拦截适宜性检查模型、射击优先度指标计算模型和火力分配方案优化模型,为仿真地空导弹群火力优化分配过程提供了模型依据。     

基于综合评价的地空导弹群火力运用模型

在地空导弹群射击指挥中,合理地指定射击目标的火力单元及其火力运用的方法,是群射击指挥决策的重要问题.根据地空导弹群火力运用的特点,在考虑集火射击的基础上,运用多属性决策的方法,建立了基于多指标综合评价的火力运用模型.通过实例计算验证了模型的正确性,为地空导弹群的火力优化提供了一种新方法.     

弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题研究

在确定弹炮结合武器系统对目标的可射击系数、火力重叠修正系数和转火矛盾修正系数的基础上,结合防空作战的实际,通过对运用地空导弹射击、运用高炮射击、运用地空导弹和高炮混合射击三种情况的分析,介绍了解决弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题的一般步骤。通过算例,证明了该方法的可行性,为有效解决弹炮结合武器系统火力分配优化问题提供了一种较为科学的方法。     

基于Monte Carlo法的地空导弹火力分配优化问题研究

在确定地空导弹对目标的可射击系数、火力重叠修正系数和转火矛盾修正系数的基础上,结合Monte Carlo法的基本原理,介绍了解决地空导弹火力分配优化问题的一般步骤。运用计算机模拟技术,通过算例,证明了该方法的可行性,为有效解决地空导弹火力分配优化问题提供了一种较为科学的方法。     

有源干扰条件下防空导弹单发命中概率统计模型

分析了典型有源干扰对地空导弹防空各个过程的干扰方式和作用机理,建立了一种地空导弹射击有电子掩护的目标的单发命中概率统计模型．     

多目标通道地空导弹武器系统抗击效率模型

针对多目标通道地空导弹武器系统的战术技术使用特点,基于地空导弹射击原理和随机服务系统理论,给出了多目标通道地空导弹武器系统抗击(服务)过程的排队模型,建立了多目标通道地空导弹武器系统抗击效率运算的数学模型,并进行了实际的算例分析。     

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响,是电子对抗部队迫切需要解决却又缺乏系统研究的难题。为解决这一难点问题,首先在研究杀伤区纵深和掩护扇区受干扰变化的基础上,分析了双机闪烁干扰对地空导弹射击目标脱靶量及射击次数的影响,然后建立了角度闪烁干扰条件下地空导弹对目标的合成杀伤概率计算模型,最后通过算例验证模型的有效性,得出了具有实用价值的结论,可为空袭作战中作战效能评估提供参考。     

地空导弹部队集火射击模型

集火射击是地空导弹部队战术单位组织火力运用的一种重要方法,但是目前其组织实施主要依靠手工操作,比较复杂、耗时.对集火射击组织实施过程进行了深入分析,针对集火目标与火力单元的确定、集火射击诸元计算问题,建立了相关数学模型,实现了集火射击的自动化处理.通过在具体实例中的应用表明,该模型可信度高、实用性强,并且易于实现.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.