冗余空间机器人基座姿态调整的笛卡尔路径规划

空间机器人系统的机械臂和基座之间存在着动力学耦合,为了保证笛卡尔路径规划的同时可以调整基座的姿态,文章以冗余自由度空间机器人为研究对象,首先建立了空间机器人系统的运动学方程;由于存在一定的冗余度,通过将基座姿态运动方程与广义雅可比矩阵组合得到扩展后的雅可比矩阵,实现了基座和机械臂运动的协调规划;最后讨论了基座姿态无扰路径规划,并与零空间法进行了对比。建立平面三自由度空间机器人系统,分别采用零空间法和扩展雅可比矩阵法进行了基座姿态无扰路径规划和基座姿态跟踪路径规划,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

狭窄环境中基于几何法的全局路径规划新方法

研究狭窄障碍环境下基于几何法的移动机器人全局路规划方法。用不同多边形表示机器人和障碍物,多边形集合构成环境地图。利用数组矩阵存储机器人和障碍物的顶点坐标,便于计算机进行识别、分析和计算。在此基础上,建立了两个子函数——障碍物筛选子函数和凸包计算子函数。通过对两个子函数的循环调用,找出所有较优无碰路径,最后根据一定准则选择全局最优路径。该算法把狭窄障碍环境中的路径规划问题转换成凸包计算问题,且能够生成多条可供替换的较优路径。当环境空间相对狭窄、机器人形状较为复杂,在路径转弯处作旋转运动时,可根据安全需要选择合适的运动路径,从而增加了算法的适用性。仿真结果表明:该算法简便高效,能够满足路径实时规划要求。     

蚁群遗传融合算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

针对移动机器人路径规划的特点,把智能算法引入到机器人路径规划中。而单一蚁群算法和遗传算法,存在收敛速度慢、效率低或容易陷入局部最优等缺陷,对蚁群算法进行改进,提出一种改进蚁群遗传算法的融合方案,并把该方案应用到移动机器人路径规划中,在栅格环境下进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明该方案能有效提高最优路径的搜索效率,整体性能优于蚁群或遗传单一智能算法。     

改进粒子群算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

针对机器人路径规划的复杂性和粒子群算法搜索后期易陷入停滞的缺陷,把差分进化算法引入到粒子群算法中,提出了改进粒子群算法的移动机器人路径规划方案。当粒子群算法出现停滞时,通过引入差分进化算法来动态调整变异概率和缩放因子,增加种群中个体的多样性,扩大算法的搜索范围,避免局部最优路径的产生。通过仿真实验,验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性。     

机器人制孔自适应蚁群路径规划算法

随着现代飞机制造制孔技术的不断发展,对制孔效率、定位精度及加工质量提出更高的要求。采用CATIA软件建立飞机部件模型,提出自适应蚁群算法并应用于机器人制孔路径规划设计中。仿真实验表明,信息素挥发因子的大小对算法的全局搜索能力及收敛速度有直接影响,提出的自适应蚁群算法通过动态调整信息素挥发因子,充分改善了制孔方式的无目的性、生成的路径质量低等一些不足之处,从而实现机器人制孔路径规划的最优。     

搜索路径给定时的搜索对策问题及其应用

搜索路径给定时的最优搜索方案问题,也可以理解为是关于搜索者和目标的二人对策问题,主要讨论了当搜索路径给定时的单个搜索者和单个目标的搜索对策问题。首先根据问题的特点,利用动态规划和迭代的方法,确定关于目标逃逸路径混合策略的最优分区,证明该分区是多面体凸集;针对目标不同逃逸路径的分区,求出搜索者的最大期望收益,再将问题转化为二人有限零和对策,计算出搜索者的支付矩阵,确定最优搜索策略。最后结合海军护航行动,对我舰载直升机搜索小型海盗船进行分析和计算,说明搜索路径给定时的最优搜索对策对于双方的资源分配和提高搜索效率具有一定的应用价值。     

战时侦察车最优路径规划算法

针对侦察车路径优化同题,提出了一种改进的遗传算法,基于该算法设计了一种在战时情况下能使侦察车快速、安全、高效地进入侦察阵地的最优路径算法,并编制了侦察车路径优化软件,为战时侦察车最优路径规划同题提供了一种解决方法.     

障碍环境下队形可变编队的路径规划方法研究

面向机器人编队探索和侦察等任务,系统期望保持队形以保障任务效能,但障碍环境下队形保持可能引起路径长度增加,甚至没有可行路径。为了综合考虑队形保持、路径长度及路径存在性,提出一种队形可变编队的路径规划方法,为编队跟踪控制提供一条全局参考路径。首先,分别依据个体的占据空间和编队的占据空间,对障碍进行两次膨胀,获得包含硬障碍和软障碍的路径规划构型空间。然后,在基于A*的路径规划框架下,构建包含路径长度和软障碍穿越距离的加权代价函数,以获得多指标权衡的路径。最后,不同权重对比试验表明,所提算法对不同障碍环境具有更好的适应性,通过权重设定能获得满足不同需求的可行解,可以为编队提供满意的全局路径。同时,随机场景测试试验验证了算法具有良好的鲁棒性。提出的编队路径规划方法可以引导机器人编队在复杂环境下更安全和快速地完成任务。     

基于ORB的多机器人SLAM地图融合算法

针对传统基于地图融合的多机器人同时定位与地图构建(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping,SLAM)算法实时性和准确性不高的问题,提出了基于ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)的地图融合算法。首先提取栅格地图的ORB特征并找到最优的匹配点;然后计算地图最优匹配点集的单应矩阵,找到点集之间的最优仿射变换参数;最后,通过点对之间的偏仿射变换矩阵得到地图融合的转换关系,完成子地图的融合。搭建了基于树莓派的多机器人平台,通过将算法应用到实际多机器人系统,验证了算法的有效性、实时性和鲁棒性。     

机器人集群路径规划技术研究现状

受社会型生物群体行为启发,群体智能得到日益广泛的关注,机器人集群作为群体智能的重要承载者得到了大量研发和广泛应用.机器人集群路径规划技术作为一项核心关键技术也得到快速发展.为此全面深入地调研了机器人集群路径规划的技术发展现状,创新性地归纳了适用于不同集群规模、可扩展性要求、通信需求以及算法要求的集群规划基础计算架构,包...     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.