Mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading

Polyurea is an elastomeric material that can be applied to enhance the protection ability of structures under blast and impact loading.In order to study the compressive mechanical properties of SiC/polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic loading,a universal testing machine and split Hop-kinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus were used respectively.The stress-strain curves were obtained on polyurea and its composites at strain rates of 0.001-8000 s-1.The results of the experiment suggested that increase in the strain rates led to the rise of the flow stress,compressive strength,strain rate sensitivity and strain energy.This indicates that all of the presented materials were dependent on strain rate.Moreover,these mechanical characters were enhanced by incorporating a small amount of SiC into polyurea matrix.The relation between yield stress and strain rates were established using the power law functions.Finally,in order to investigate the fracture surfaces and inside information of failed specimens,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and micro X-ray computed tomography(micro-CT)were used respectively.Multiple voids,crazes,micro-cracks and cracking were observed in fracture surfaces.On the other hand,the cracking propagation was found in the micro-CT slice images.It is essential to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms in all the polyurea materials.     

韧性材料梁在爆炸载荷作用下的全塑性动态断裂

本文运用刚塑性分析方法,研究了带裂纹韧性材料梁在爆炸载荷作用下的塑性动态断裂过程,建立了简支梁的运动和断裂过程的控制方程。本文考虑了应变率对梁的运动和断裂过程的影响,以及由于断裂引起的附加轴向力对梁的断裂过程的影响,给出了梁的裂纹启裂和上裂的时刻及其条件,以及裂纹扩展长度、裂改扩展速度、断裂截面上弯曲力矩和附加轴向力随时间的变化规律。     

Research on the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on NEPE propellant: Experimental assessment and constitutive model

In order to study the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on the mechanical properties of the Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellant, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted using the self-made confining pressure system and material testing machine. The stress-strain responses of the NEPE propellant under different confining pressure conditions and strain rates were obtained and analyzed. The results show that confining pressure and strain rate have a remarkably influence on the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant. As confining pressure increases (from 0 to 5.4 MPa), the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain increase gradually. With the coupled effects of confining pressure and strain rate, the value of the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain at 5.4 MPa and 0.0667 s⁻¹ is 2.03 times and 2.19 times of their values under 0 MPa and 0.00333 s⁻¹, respectively. Afterwards, the influence mechanism of confining pressure on the NEPE propellant was analyzed. Finally, based on the viscoelastic theory and continuous damage theory, a nonlinear constitutive model considering confining pressure and strain rate was developed. The damage was considered to be rate-dependent and pressure-dependent. The constitutive model was validated by comparing experimental data with predictions of the constitutive model. The whole maximum stress errors of the model predictions are lower than 4% and the corresponding strain errors are lower than 7%. The results show that confining pressure can suppress the damage initiation and evolution of the NEPE propellant and the nonlinear constitutive model can describe the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant under various confining pressure conditions and strain rates. This research can lay a theoretical foundation for analyzing the structural integrity of propellant grain accurately under working pressure loading.     

某型飞机平尾轴疲劳断裂失效分析

采用台架试验装置对某型飞机平尾轴进行了疲劳试验,通过断口的观察分析、断口部位的金相分析、硬度检测、有限元结构应力分析,确定了平尾轴的失效模式,并对其断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明：平尾轴的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,裂纹源均起源于大轴简体内壁加工刀痕形成的沟槽处,变截面圆弧造成的结构应力集中和粗糙加工刀痕形成的附加应力集中是造成大轴疲劳断裂的主要原因。关键词：平尾轴;疲劳断裂;失效分析;应力集中     

利用星角距不变性标定星敏感器内部参数

提出了一种恒星角距不变的星敏感器内部参数的地面标定方法。较常见的星角距的标定方法不同的是,该方法利用对在0°附近的角度变化较敏感的恒星角距的正弦值建立观测方程;采用两步法分别估计焦距、主点和高阶畸变系数,并采用迭代优化的方法,获得最优估计值。为了确保标定精度,对观测时刻的导航星进行了视位置的修正。实验结果表明,采用星角距的正弦值建立观测方程,估计精度较高,采用考虑高阶畸变的改进正弦法标定后的星角距误差的均方根值为2.2×10-5rad。     

Successive approximation in separable programming: An improved procedure for convex separable programs

We implement a solution procedure for general convex separable programs where a series of relatively small piecewise linear programs are solved as opposed to a single large one, and where, based on bound calculations developed in [13] and [14], the ranges of linearization are systematically reduced for successive programs. The procedure inherits ε-convergence to the global optimum in a finite number of steps, but perhaps its most distinct feature is the rigorous way in which ranges containing an optimal solution are reduced from iteration to iteration. This paper describes the procedure, called successive approximation, discusses its convergence, tightness of the bounds, bound-calculation overhead, and its robustness. It presents a computer implementation to demonstrate its effectiveness for general problems and compares it (1) with the more standard separable programming approach and (2) with one of the recent augmented Lagrangian methods [10] included in a comprehensive study of nonlinear programming codes [12]. It seems clear from over 130 cases resulting from 80 distinct problems studied here that significant savings in terms of computational effort can be realized by a judicious use of the procedure, and the ease with which it can be used is appreciably increased by the robustness it shows. Moreover, for most of these problems, the advantage increases as the size, nonlinearity, and the degree of desired accuracy increase. Other important benefits include significantly smaller storage requirements, the ability to estimate the error in the current solution, and to terminate the algorithm as soon as the acceptable level of accuracy has been achieved. Problems requiring up to about 10,000 nonzero elements in their specification and about 45,000 nonzero elements in the generated separable programs resulting from up to 70 original nonlinear variables and 70 nonlinear constraints are included in the computations.     

铰接于定轴转动刚体上的线弹性幂强化材料手面杆系弹塑性分析的数值解

将材料的本构关系描述为线弹性幂强化形式,推导出了各杆铰接在一个定轴转动刚体上的平面杆系弹塑性分析的普遍表达式,使问题得到了圆满的解决。     

空气弹簧强度分析

应用复合材料理论,对空气弹簧的单层帘线橡胶的应力-应变关系及力学参数进行了计算.运用有限元方法对空气弹簧进行了应变分析,用所得到的数值结果,结合多层帘线橡胶的力学特性以及单层帘线橡胶的强度理论,对空气弹簧进行强度分析.计算结果表明,囊体的载荷主要由帘线承受.     

拉压性能不同非线弹性材料空间汇交杆系应力应变分析的数值解

以两个指数函数近似表示拉压异性非线弹性材料的应力一应变关系,分析了拉压性能不同非线弹性材料空间汇交杆系,用位移法推导出了应力应变计算的普遍表达式,给出了计算汇交点位移的非线性方程组,编制了通用的数值计算程序,计算准确方便,使这一问题得到了圆满的解决。     

武器系统经济性参数的支持向量机方法分析

采用一种基于支持向量机的武器系统费用分析方法.计算结果表明,这种方法有效解决了参数法对样本量要求较高以及对非线性问题处理能力较弱等问题.与传统方法相比较,有更好的拟合精度和泛化能力,因而该方法可以作为研究此类问题的新途径.     

钢质管道挤压变形过程数值模拟

基于对钢质输油管道挤压变形原理的分析,建立上下刀具加载作用下钢质输油管道挤压变形模型,采用扩展拉格朗日方法求解三维接触挤压问题,完成20号无缝钢挤压变形过程的数值模拟。将模拟试验数据与前人实际试验数据进行对比与验证,模拟结果与实际试验结果吻合。该模型可以用于模拟不同规格管道挤压变形情况,得到管道挤压变形的位移、载荷和应力分布规律,为管道应急抢修提供理论和实践依据。     

Dynamic necking of a near α titanium alloy at high strain rates:Experiments and modelling

The tensile behaviour of near α Ti3Al2.5 V alloy, conceived for applications in aerospace and automotive engineering, is characterized from quasi-static to high strain rates. The material is found to present noticeable strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic true strain rate in the necking cross-section reaches values up to ten times higher than the nominal strain rate. It is also observed that beyond necking the dynamic true stress-strain curves present limited rate dependence. The experimental results at different strain rates are used to determine a suitable constitutive model for finite element simulations of the dynamic tensile tests. The model predicts the experimentally macroscopic force-time response, true stress-strain response and effective strain rate evolution with good agreement.     

某型铜材料动态力学性能的数值模拟研究

采用一种高效的应力更新算法,运用Fortran语言编写Johnson—Cook本构模型的Vuamt子程序,模拟材料在高速冲击工况下的动态力学性能,研究塑性大应变、高应变率以及温度软化作用对材料力学性能的影响。     

指挥信息系统非线性最优化问题的混沌搜索解法

指挥信息系统进行辅助决策很多情况下是一个求解最优化问题的过程,指挥信息系统遇到的很多问题具有非线性,同时指挥信息系统对算法的适应性和收敛速度要求相当严格。对此,普通的优化技术只能求出局部最优解。基于混沌搜索技术的计算智能具有全局搜索能力强、算法简洁、计算量小、收敛速度快的特点,成为一种求解非线性最优化问题全局最优的有效方法。算例表明,当搜索次数达到一定数量时,混沌搜索方法可以保证算法收敛到全局最优解,且计算效率很高。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

带裂缝钢筋混凝土梁振动特性变刚度模型分析

按常规等刚度、匀质线性材料来考虑开裂后的钢筋混凝土梁,必然带来较大的误差,与实际情况存在较大差距。基于条带法提出了建立带裂缝钢筋混凝土梁的变刚度模型分析方法,对考虑开裂和材料非线性的钢筋混凝土简支梁的振动特性进行了理论计算和试验研究。结果表明：提出的方法从理论上可以得到既有钢筋混凝土简支梁的振动特性、裂缝开展情况等参数,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,且精度较高,具有良好的可行性和工程适用性。     

杠杆式抽筒子的动态特性研究及拓扑优化设计

针对杠杆式抽筒子工作时出现的断裂失效问题,以动力学和有限元理论为基础,分别进行抽筒子的动态特性研究和拓扑优化设计。得出其在抽筒过程中的动应力分布和危险区域,定性地确定出介质力学参数和工作参数的影响,获得了抽筒子的最佳材料布局和优化改进结构。优化前后抽筒子结构的对比仿真结果表明,改进结构能够使得应力集中危险区域仅为最大动应力降低10.6%的强撞击位置,其余部分均可转换为安全区域且结构刚度提升49%左右。所用方法有效可靠,为解决杠杆式抽筒子的断裂问题提供理论依据和技术手段。     

Reliability inference for field conditions from accelerated degradation testing

Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) is usually conducted under deterministic stresses such as constant‐stress, step‐stress, and cyclic‐stress. Based on ADT data, an ADT model is developed to predict reliability under normal (field) operating conditions. In engineering applications, the “standard” approach for reliability prediction assumes that the normal operating conditions are deterministic or simply uses the mean values of the stresses while ignoring their variability. Such an approach may lead to significant prediction errors. In this paper, we extend an ADT model obtained from constant‐stress ADT experiments to predict field reliability by considering the stress variations. A case study is provided to demonstrate the proposed statistical inference procedure. The accuracy of the procedure is verified by simulation using various distributions of field stresses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

激光熔覆搭接过程残余应力应变的有限元计算

激光熔覆过程中产生的残余应力与应变对熔覆层的裂纹开裂倾向有重要影响。利用有限元法对激光多道搭接过程熔覆层的残余应力和应变进行计算,计算过程中主要考虑瞬时温度变化引起的热应力、σ-ε曲线、有限元网格、力学边界条件4个方面。热应力主要在温度场计算结果的基础上求得;σ-ε曲线采用的是线性强化材料的弹塑性曲线;有限元网格主要采用分区划分的形式进行。通过计算,得到了搭接后的熔覆层上关键点的残余应力和应变分别为1 400 MPa和2.2×10^-2。结果表明：搭接熔覆层交界处的点产生焊趾裂纹的倾向最大,第1道熔覆顶点处产生横向裂纹的倾向次之。     

弹塑性梁动态断裂的线弹簧模型

The elastic-plastic line-spring model is proposed to analyse the dynamicfracture of a cracked beam of ductile material in present paper. It can be expected from thenumerical results that this method for the analysis of dynamic fracture under elastic-plasticconditions will be valuable due to its computational simplicity.