基于STAGE平台的模型扩展方法

STAGE(Scenario Toolkit And Generation Environment)是用于开发想定战场环境和武器系统验证的仿真软件。用户可根据需求利用自己开发的仿真模型取代STAGE的内置仿真模型,也可以将开发的仿真模型与STAGE中现有模型进行集成。针对STAGE 6.0仿真开发平台,研究了STAGE模型扩展中的关键技术,实现了用户开发模型与STAGE仿真引擎的集成,从而为快速构建用户自定义战场环境提供了一种新途径。     

Hybrid War and Its Countermeasures: A Critique of the Literature

This article examines critically the literature of hybrid war and evaluates the countermeasures often proposed. It explains the concept of hybrid warfare and its varied interpretations, illustrating how it is a manifestation of current anxieties in armed conflict. The selection of the literature is based on works that are referenced, that offer a scientific approach, and which review either the phenomenon of hybrid warfare or its countermeasures empirically. Unscientific works have been omitted. The analysis of the literature presented here shows that the antidotes to ‘hybridity’ lie not in the operational or tactical sphere but in strategic and political domains.     

战术通信网组网方案评估优选方法

在当前信息化的战场环境下,战场环境瞬息万变,战术通信网作为信息化战争的神经中枢,起到了至关重要的作用,然而组网方案的好坏直接决定着通信网性能的优劣,因此,如何在战场环境下快速、自动、客观地评估战术通信网组网方案是一个亟待解决的问题。通过分析战术通信网的特性和要求,提出了战术通信网组网方案评估指标体系,并采用熵权灰关联的方法对组网方案进行评估优选,该方法方便快捷并且可以编程实现,不仅能够在战场环境下实时、自动地对组网方案进行评估优选,而且评估结果也符合实际情况,为指挥员提供了决策依据。     

Naw Bahar District 2010–11: A case study of counterinsurgency Conducted by Naval Special Warfare in Afghanistan

This article provides a critical analysis of counterinsurgency in Afghanistan at the tactical level. The efforts of several Naval Special Warfare detachments deployed to Naw Bahar district in Zabul Province, Afghanistan are examined in detail to identify key successes and failures in planning and execution. It defines the operating environment in which the detachments worked and identifies the goals and outcomes of the first and second phases of the counterinsurgency effort. The article concludes by placing the tactical effort in the context of the overall strategy in Afghanistan and suggests that time is the limiting factor to success.     

从"误伤事件"原因分析,看战术数据链战略地位

以伊拉克战争为背景,介绍了美军及北约的战术数据链发展情况、技术概要,重点论述了不同时期的战术数据链在技术体制上的差异,以及由此可能导致互联、互通和互操作的分析.最后,结合我军的一些现状,在汲取外军教训的基础上,提出我军在战术数据链建设方面的一些建议.     

基于条件事件代数理论的战术防空态势评估

态势评估是战场决策的基础,而如何进行正确的战场决策对防空战斗有着重要的影响.在对态势评估进行分析的基础上,根据条件事件代数理论,提出了一种对战术防空态势评估问题进行推理的方法,并通过示例介绍了对战术防空态势评估问题进行求解的过程.同时该方法也为解决战术防空态势评估问题提供了一种有效依据.     

Texas Ranger Auxiliaries: Double-Edged Sword of the Campaign for Northern Mexico, 1846–1848

This essay explores how federalized Texas Rangers, in the form of scout companies and larger mounted rifle regiments, provided controversial, and ultimately cost-effective, versatility to the US Army during its campaign in Northern Mexico between 1846 and 1848. It argues that their contributions centered on three tactical tasks that enhanced the invading army's maneuvers: reconnaissance, direct assault, and counterguerrilla patrolling. Each of these actions reflected a distinctive skill-set at which the auxiliaries excelled, marking them as exceptionally multifunctional assets. The Texans' augmentation coincided with, and was necessitated by, the evolving stages of the war in Northern Mexico, beginning with the American army's initial invasion, then transitioning to the assault on Monterrey, and finally ending with a troubled occupation where the rangers' brutality both enabled and undermined American pacification efforts.     

战术导弹打击机场跑道毁伤概率

在分析了导弹打击机场后毁伤评估标准和技术现状的基础上,阐明了评估指标及方法,针对军用机场的特点选择打击跑道为攻击目标,分析了战役战术导弹母弹的落点规律和子弹散布规律,瞄准点的选择方法,并进行了毁伤概率计算,基于最小起降窗口概念,实现了给定机场目标和毁伤等级要求下导弹型号的最优选择,最少导弹消耗量预测.并通过实例进行了验证实验.     

Command Coordination and Tactical Effectiveness in Counter-insurgency Operations: Lessons from the South Korean Campaign

This article analyzes the causes of combat effectiveness of the South Korean security forces through the course of its various counter-insurgency (COIN) operations from 1948 to 1953. We argue that improvements in two interrelated aspects ultimately resulted in higher operational and tactical level performance: unified operational command structure and the subsequent improvements in tactical efficiency under the guidance of the US advisory mission. Through an in-depth case study on how a nascent army improved its capacity in combating homegrown insurgencies, we demonstrate how the actual conduct of operations itself remains just as significant in the assessment of overall COIN outcomes.     

Neo-conservation

Africa's wildlife is in danger. The last couple of years have been disastrous for the African elephant as poaching for ivory reached record numbers. Rhinos have been hit hard with several sub-species becoming extinct. The current anti-poaching and anti-trafficking operations lack the sophistication and determination that is found abundantly within criminal organisations immersed in this illicit trade. Terrorism, rebellious elements and corrupt officials all benefit from the destruction of Africa's eco-system and the inaction or lack of efficient action thereof by law enforcement officials. This commentary suggests new courses of action using methods from the fields of counter-terrorism and special operations.     

Target selection in Lanchester combat: Linear-law attrition process

We develop the solution to a simple problem of target selection in Lanchester combat against two enemy force types each of which undergoes a “linear-law” attrition process. In addition to the Pontryagin maximum principle, the theory of singular extremals is required to solve this problem. Our major contribution is to show how to synthesize the optimal target selection policies from the basic optimality conditions. This solution synthesis methodology is applicable to more general dynamic (tactical) allocation problems. For constant attrition-rate coefficients we show that whether or not changes can occur in target priorities depends solely on how survivors are valued and is independent of the type of attrition process.     

天基支援下区域反导组网作战链路规划

天基信息支援下区域反导组网作战各系统实现互连、互通、互操作的关键是战术信息分发系统,而该系统中存在着多种类型的数据链路,这些链路之间又存在着各种约束条件,因此科学合理的对这些链路进行规划是系统实现的重要工作之一.建立并提出了天基信息支援下区域反导组网作战战术信息分发系统数据链路的规划模型和一种新的解算方法,为该系统数据链路的规划提供了理论依据.     

战术数据链的建设与发展

通过回顾战术数据链的建设与发展历程 ,提出了战术数据链定义、类型。介绍了战术数据链的国际现状 ,给出了欧美国家现有战术数据链。分析了美军战术数据链建设情况 ,着重研究了 16号链及 JTIDS的特点、运用和发展情况 ,就JTIDS的相对导航原理和对作战效能的影响进行了分析。指出了俄军战术数据链状况 ,说明了某型俄制飞机空空战术数据链的应用方法。最后依据本国实际提出了我军战术数据链建设和发展的意见和建议 ,提供了研究与开发的技术途径。     

New Sources on the Role of Soviet Submarines in the Cuban Missile Crisis

Drawing on evidence collected from eyewitness interviews, new Russian secondary sources, as well as recently declassified documents from both sides, the author significantly widens the academic understanding of the maritime dimension of this gravest crisis of the Cold War. Most significant is her conclusion that Soviet commanders were led by complex and challenging tactical circumstances, including unreliable communications and malfunctioning equipment, which might have prompted them to contemplate a resort to tactical nuclear weapons on more than one occasion. Almost as disturbing is the revelation that US forces were not aware of this particular threat. This research reveals how a chain of inadvertent developments at sea could have precipitated global nuclear war, underlining the extreme danger of the crisis.     

战术弹药供应保障系统分析与改进

从我军战术弹药供应保障现状研究入手,按照环境、组成、结构、运行与功能五要素对战术弹药供应保障系统进行分析后,发现信息在系统内串行的处理和传递顺序是导致系统自主性和响应性不足的主要原因之一。提出通过系统结构和运行改进使信息流动由串行变为串并行结合,从而提高供应保障系统的响应速度,并通过计算验证了改进的有效性。     

作战系统Agent交互链的形成及其链结构变换

目前,采用基于Agent建模（Agent-Based Modeling,ABM）方法研究战术级分队层次作战系统建模,存在如何直观形象而准确地表达与实现多Agent组织模式的问题。着眼军事需求,从如何建立Agent交互链的新角度来开展作战系统建模问题研究,推动ABM方法的创新发展,深化Agent和多Agent系统（Multi-Agent System,MAS）技术研究。通过提出规范、实用的Agent交互链形成过程,确立了交互链中的链节点Agent的层次化变换机制,揭示了链节点Agent聚合／解聚和交互链结构约简／扩充同步变换的工作机理。研究结果表明：与一般的ABM方法相比,Agent交互链的形成及其链结构变换,是一种更好地实现战术级分队层次作战系统建模的新途径。     

基于模糊综合评价法的装甲团城市市区进攻战斗部署方案优化研究

战斗部署的内容是决心方案的主体部分,战斗部署确定的合理与否,将会直接影响到战斗方案的质量。因此,准确的评估战斗部署方案,对提高作战指挥决策的科学性,保障指挥员定下正确、合理的战斗决心具有重要意义。论文根据战斗部署的定义和战斗部署的要求,建立了城市市区进攻战斗部署的评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法确定其权重,最后使用模糊综合评价法对战斗部署方案进行评估。     

空对空多机协同攻击多个目标的战术决策研究

简要介绍多机协同攻击多目标的基本概念、战术决策、目标分配及攻击排序方法。最后用数字仿真（实例）验证该方法的有效性     

改进的遗传算法在导弹火力分配中的应用

弹道导弹系统是一个非常复杂的系统,有其自身的特点,其造价昂贵,数量有限,发射点也很分散.因此,火力分配问题在弹道导弹射击中具有极为重要的地位.尤其对于常规战术弹道导弹,火力分配的合理与否将直接影响作战效果与战斗力的发挥.根据地地战术导弹的作战运用特点,建立了导弹火力分配的优化模型;详细介绍了一种改进的遗传算法,将其应用于火力分配优化模型的求解,通过算例比较,证明该改进算法更能有效快速地找到最优解.     

基于组件开发方法的反潜武器作战系统训练模拟器设计

为了满足海军训练的需求,提高训练的可信度,需要研制逼真度更高的模拟训练设备。为此,利用基于组件的开发方法设计了混合配置的反潜武器作战系统训练模拟系统。该系统不仅包括仿真设备,还包括实装设备。系统将两个独立的结构整合成一个系统,因此需要软件构架的独特设计。讨论了这一混合配置的系统训练模拟器的设计,提出了在实装战术网络和仿真网络之间的独特的系统接口设计,成功支持了训练模拟器的开发。基于组件开发方法的设计和思路对于训练模拟器材的设计具有很好的参考价值。