基于空时频分析的方位关联算法*

针对跳频组网通信中不同信号间的时频分隔特点,利用时频重心进行目标方位数据关联,提出了空时频方位关联算法。根据提取的时频特征设计空时频测向的核函数,实现了简化的空时频测向算法。根据时频距离设计代价函数,基于匈牙利算法实现了方位关联结果的搜素。根据时频距离选择窗函数的类型和长度,有效避免了信号旁瓣泄露对测向精度的影响,显著提高了密集目标条件下的关联正确概率。数值仿真验证了上述观点。     

广义S变换和阈值分割联合抗频谱扩展-压缩移频干扰

根据频谱扩展-压缩(spectrum spread and compression, SSC)移频干扰信号和回波信号时频分布特性的差异,提出一种基于广义S变换和Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割的干扰抑制方法。分析了SSC移频干扰的干扰原理和干扰信号经过解线调后的信号形式,并利用时频聚焦性较好的广义S变换获取接收信号经过解线调后的时频图像,根据时频图像对应的灰度图像,以Tsallis交叉熵最小化作为目标函数,求出灰度图像的最佳分割阈值,并根据分割阈值构建时频滤波器,实现干扰抑制。仿真结果表明:该方法对于SSC移频干扰产生的假目标具有较好的抑制效果,干扰抑制比可达30 dB以上。     

基于联合时频滤波的多目标回波信号分离算法

针对弹道中段多目标回波信号分离的问题,提出了基于联合时频滤波的多目标信号分离算法。该算法先对多目标回波信号进行自相关处理和峰值提取,得到目标信号的周期,接着用该周期对回波信号的Gabor变换和PWVD变换结果进行分段,然后将各段时频图相乘,获得新的时频支撑域,最后用新的时频支撑域对回波信号进行时频滤波,克服了交叉项的干扰和时频聚集性不高的缺点,分离出了不同周期的目标信号。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性和先进性。     

PD雷达信号时频特性分析

应用时频分析的基本理论和基本方法,分析了不同脉冲宽度、不同脉冲重复频率以及不同采样频率对PD雷达发射信号时频分布特征的影响,研究了不同目标距离、不同目标速度、不同目标加速度以及噪声背景下不同目标反射强度条件下PD雷达目标反射信号的时频分布特征,并使用MATLAB时频分析工具箱对其进行仿真。     

一种改进的自适应Chirplet分解方法及其实现方法

参数自适应时频分布成为当前非平稳信号分析与处理的研究热点。针对自适应Chirplet分解所用基函数的时频关系为线性,对含有非线性时变分量的信号逼近效果不好的问题,提出了一种改进的自适应Chirplet分解方法,并给出其快速实现算法。首先在Chirplet时频原子的基础上添加了弯曲算子,构造了新的时频原子,得到了一种改进...     

一种基于多弹协同定位的机动目标估计算法

针对被动跟踪系统仅能对目标方位进行测量,提出了利用多弹协同体系提高系统可观测性,从而提高对目标的估计精度的方法.设计了基于多弹协同体系的被动跟踪系统;利用多弹协同探测,根据测向定位法得到弹目距离估计信息,并将该弹目距离估计作为伪量测量引入机动目标估计算法中;通过数字仿真验证了该方法可行,跟踪效果良好,易于工程实现.     

利用时频稀疏性的跳频信号盲检测和参数盲估计

针对在低信噪比的稳定分布噪声和定频干扰背景中,跳频信号检测和参数估计性能不佳的问题,利用分数低阶短时傅里叶变换得到时频矩阵;对时频矩阵按频率行去均值,抑制定频干扰;通过时频峰值优化、时频矩阵清洗和强化处理,降低频谱泄漏和噪声对跳频信号时频稀疏性的影响;利用此稀疏性进行检测和估计,即根据跳频信号在驻留时间内的连续性检测跳频信号,估计跳频频率;根据驻留时间起点及间隔,估计跳变时刻和跳周期.仿真结果表明,在低信噪比下,该算法的检测和参数估计性能均有较大提高,且优于现有算法.     

基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离

针对弹道群目标微多普勒信号分离问题,提出了一种基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离算法。对进动目标和旋转目标进行了微动建模,分析了其散射中心在窄带信号下的微多普勒效应,并给出了其参数化表达式。利用STFT对窄带回波进行了时频变换,获取了回波时频图,并采用奇异值分解(SVD)和高斯空间掩模方法分别对时频图进行了消噪和平化处理。再依据散射中心微多普勒瞬时频率的变化规律,采用Viterbi算法对群目标微多普勒曲线进行了提取。最后将提取出的曲线进行傅里叶变换,根据群目标微多普勒周期的相关性,实现了群目标信号的分离。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

目标多特征信息的模糊数据关联算法

传统的解决密集杂波环境中多目标跟踪的数据关联算法主要是基于目标的距离特征。由于利用的信息有限,容易导致目标的误跟和失跟。提出一种基于目标多特征信息的数据关联算法,将目标的距离特征、方位特征和雷达散射截面积特征进行模糊信息融合,实现对雷达目标的关联。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于DPCA和Radon变换的多通道SAR微动目标检测

为实现强杂波噪声条件下SAR微动目标检测,在DPCA信号的距离压缩域提出基于Radon变换和基于时频分析—逆Radon变换的2种微动目标检测方法。在距离压缩域,微动目标回波表现为沿方位向直线,利用Radon变换对直线的聚焦性实现微动目标检测;对DPCA信号作时频分析,微动目标引起的微多普勒频率表现为正弦形式,利用逆Radon变换对正弦曲线的聚焦性实现微动目标检测。通过对比,基于Radon变换的检测方法参数估计性能更好,而基于时频分析—逆Radon变换的检测方法具有更高的检测概率。最后,通过实验仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.