双箭头负泊松比结构抗侵彻性能

采用数值模拟方法研究了双箭头负泊松比多胞结构抗子弹侵彻性能,对比分析了顶边撞击、铰点撞击、侧边撞击三种弹靶作用条件下子弹的侵彻行为与双箭头负泊松比结构的破坏形式。研究结果表明:当子弹以较高速度撞击双箭头负泊松比结构时,该结构的负泊松比效应不显著;顶边撞击与铰点撞击时,子弹直接贯穿结构,胞元破坏较小,此时双箭头负泊松比多胞结构抗侵彻性能较差;侧边撞击时,子弹未贯穿多胞结构,胞元破坏较大,双箭头负泊松比结构依靠其双三角结构使子弹发生偏转,显著增大了其侵彻阻力。分析了顶边撞击时子弹的入射角度变化对于双箭头负泊松比结构抗侵彻性能的影响,发现存在30°入射角和60°入射角。当子弹处于这两种入射角附近时,双箭头负泊松比多胞结构具有一定的抗侵彻能力。     

基于iSIGHT的复合材料仪器舱结构优化研究

利用iSIGHT优化软件研究了导弹复合材料仪器舱结构多变量多约束优化问题,建立了参数化的复合材料结构有限元模型,采用了分级优化策略,借助于iSIGHT软件提供的Pointer优化器,通过优化复合材料铺层角度、铺层厚度及其他主要结构尺寸实现了仪器舱结构的轻量化,获得了工程实用的复合材料结构优化方法.     

金属泡沫复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应实验

金属泡沫夹芯结构是近年来新出现的一种明显具有结构和功能一体化特点的新型轻质材料,它在临近空间飞行器、航海及汽车等领域有着广阔的应用前景。以以纤维增强复合材料面板、闭孔泡沫铝芯子为特征的复合材料夹芯结构为研究对象,对其在球形压头作用下的压痕响应、损伤模式、变形机制和失效机理进行理论分析和实验研究。研究发现,泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构的压痕响应是夹芯结构的各个组成部分的响应、相互作用以及压头属性的综合作用结果。泡沫铝复合材料夹芯结构在球压头作用下的损伤模式为基体开裂、纤维断裂、层间分层、泡沫铝的屈服及剪切断裂五种失效模式。     

尾座式电动飞机复合材料机翼结构优化设计

以复杂地形地区物资快速投送平台设计为背景,开展尾座式电动飞机复合材料机翼设计研究。对机翼结构载荷进行分析,对机翼结构构件布置和铺层进行设计,形成复合材料机翼结构设计方案。建立复合材料机翼结构有限元模型,开展典型工况条件下的静力分析,得到机翼结构变形、应力和Tsai-Wu失效因子分布。采用分步优化策略,以机翼结构铺层厚度和铺层角度为设计变量,开展机翼结构质量优化计算,优化结果表明,优化后的机翼结构在满足强度和刚度要求下质量减轻约47.77%,可为尾座式电动飞机结构设计提供重要参考。     

舰船复合材料局部结构细节设计方法

由于复合材料结构具有各向异性、组份复杂、可设计变量多等特性,有效的复合材料结构设计应同时考虑整体结构宏观设计和局部结构细节设计,两者虽密切关联,但在分析方法上存在一定差异。对此,将整体结构简化分析与局部结构细节设计联系起来,重点针对局部结构细节设计方法进行探讨,提出了一种细节设计方法。该方法基于子模型与试验工况模型的对比分析,通过局部结构试件试验对整体结构承载特性进行了综合评价。以某型船复合材料甲板室结构设计为例,通过整体简化模型优化分析确定板架构件尺度参量和铺层设计方案;提取典型局部结构承载形变特征要求,并基于子模型分析技术探讨局部结构细节设计;最后,以局部结构试验验证与考核完成整体结构的优化设计。计算结果表明:该方法能在有效控制设计成本的同时,合理开展复合材料结构设计工作,可供研究和设计者参考。     

集成于碳纤维复合材料的fsFBG响应特性研究

针对航空航天碳纤维复合材料结构健康监测需求,研究了飞秒激光逐点直写光纤光栅传感器(fsFBG)和碳纤维复合材料集成时的传感特性。在碳纤维复合材料层合板表面及层间布置fsFBG,对碳纤维复合材料层合板进行静态载荷和低速冲击载荷加载实验,系统分析了表面和不同层间fsFBG对载荷响应的敏感性和差异性,得到了fsFBG中心波长偏移量与加载距离和加载角度的对应关系。实验表明,表面粘贴的fsFBG对动静载荷的敏感度更高,在动静态载荷作用下,fsFBG中心波长偏移量随加载载荷的增大呈线性递增,而随加载距离的增加而逐渐减小;fsFBG具有较好的载荷-方向敏感特性,传感器的响应灵敏度随加载夹角增大逐渐提高。     

基于遗传算法的复合材料圆柱壳水下声辐射优化

为了降低艇体的振动噪声,建立了复合材料圆柱壳的有限元模型,并对其水下振动和声辐射特性进行了研究。在此基础上,分析了复合材料圆柱壳水下声辐射的优化模型;基于遗传优化算法,以复合材料铺层角度为设计变量,以流固耦合面内辐射声压的最大值为优化目标,进行了优化分析。结果表明:对复合材料圆柱壳的铺层角度进行优化设计可以有效提高其声辐射性能,相比对称铺层方式,优化后的远场辐射声压级在50～300Hz频段内平均降低了3.6dB。该结果验证了优化设计的有效性,为下一步进行大型复杂水下结构的声辐射优化研究提供了一定的思路。     

基于背衬影响的水下声隐身夹芯复合材料结构设计

在考虑背衬影响的前提下,建立了3种典型水下声隐身夹芯复合材料的结构模型;从水声波动方程出发,推导了3种模型的传递矩阵、声反射系数和吸声系数,并通过试验验证了传递矩阵法的有效性;考虑吸声层厚度、密度、损耗因子、水层厚度等对声隐身性能的影响,应用数值方法对水下夹芯复合材料声隐身结构形式进行了设计,分析了各层材料参数对隐身结构反射系数和吸声系数的影响规律;在吸声层中附加了一层复合材料,有效地抑制了隐身结构的谐振峰,并研究了附加层的匹配位置,使隐身结构在不改变吸声层厚度的情况下获得了更好的声学性能.     

Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

在氧化性环境中,高于400℃时碳纤维开始氧化,限制了Cf SiC复合材料的应用。通过在Cf SiC复合材料表面制备抗氧化涂层体系,可以有效地保护碳纤维不被氧化。本实验制备了含CVD SiC粘接层、自愈合功能层和CVD SiC抗冲蚀层的三层涂层体系,并进行了氧化失重试验。氧化失重试验结果表明,仅有CVD SiC涂层的试样氧化失重率较大,不能有效地保护材料,而含有自愈合功能层的三层涂层体系的材料试样,在800℃～1200℃的氧化失重率非常小,1000℃下氧化288h的失重率仅为2.3%,弯曲强度仍保持为452.9MPa。同时实验发现,试样在氧化失重试验后,其CVD SiC涂层的表面形貌有明显改变,这主要是由SiC氧化形成SiO2薄膜所致,并且在1200℃下所生成的SiO2薄膜有表面收缩趋势,具有液相膜的部分特征。     

边界条件对复合材料层合板准静态压痕损伤的影响

在实际的服役过程中,飞机用复合材料层合板通过四边铆接的方式与飞机金属框架进行连接,其受力时的边界条件为四边固支。以实际应用背景为基础,分别从分层损伤扩展模式、接触力、凹坑深度、损伤宽度四个方面系统地比较了四边固支和四边简支两种边界条件下,复合材料层合板准静态压痕损伤的区别。结果表明以上四种变量在两种边界条件下均存在明显差异,可为基于实际应用的复合材料准静态压痕损伤研究提供实验依据。     

A comprehensive review on material selection for polymer matrix composites subjected to impact load

Polymer matrix composites (PMC) are extensively been used in many engineering applications. Various natural fibers have emerged as potential replacements to synthetic fibers as reinforcing materials composites owing to their fairly better mechanical properties, low cost, environment friendliness and biodegradability. Selection of appropriate constituents of composites for a particular application is a tedious task for a designer/engineer. Impact loading has emerged as the serious threat for the composites used in structural or secondary structural application and demands the usage of appropriate fiber and matrix combination to enhance the energy absorption and mitigate the failure. The objective of the present review is to explore the composite with various fiber and matrix combination used for impact applications, identify the gap in the literature and suggest the potential naturally available fiber and matrix combination of composites for future work in the field of impact loading. The novelty of the present study lies in exploring the combination of naturally available fiber and matrix combination which can help in better energy absorption and mitigate the failure when subjected to impact loading. In addition, the application of multi attributes decision making (MADM) tools is demonstrated for selection of fiber and matrix materials which can serve as a benchmark study for the researchers in future.     

三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料的烧蚀性能及显微结构

采用先驱体转化法制备了三维石英纤维增强氮化物基复合材料(3D SiO2f/Si3N4-BN),用等离子射流烧蚀方法研究了复合材料的烧蚀性能,运用扫描电镜及能谱仪对烧蚀表面微观形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明氮化物基复合材料在高压高热流等离子体烧蚀下线烧蚀率为0.91mm/s,石英纤维熔融并被吹除带走了大量的热量,熔融层抑制了基体的机械剥蚀。基体由于强度高、升华温度高,延缓了熔融层的吹除,表明氮化物基复合材料是一种良好的耐高温烧蚀透波材料。     

Damage mechanics and energy absorption capabilities of naturalfiber reinforced elastomeric based bio composite for sacrificial structural applications

The present study deals with the experimental, finite element (FE) and analytical assessment of low ballistic impact response of proposedflexible'green' composite make use of naturally available jute and rubber as the constituents of the composite with stacking sequences namely jute/rubber/jute (JRJ), jute/rubber/rubber/jute (JRRJ) and jute/rubber/jute/rubber/jute (JRJRJ). Ballistic impact tests were carried out by firing a conical projectile using a gas gun apparatus at lower range of ballistic impact regime. The ballistic impact response of the proposed flexible composites are assesses based on energy absorption and damage mechanism. Results revealed that inclusion of natural rubber aids in better energy ab-sorption and mitigating the failure of the proposed composite. Among the three different stacking se-quences of flexible composites considered, JRJRJ provides better ballistic performance compared to its counterparts. The damage study reveals that the main mechanism of failure involved in flexible com-posites is matrix tearing as opposed to matrix cracking in stiff composites indicating that the proposedflexible composites are free from catastrophic failure. Results obtained from experimental, FE and analytical approach pertaining to energy absorption and damage mechanism agree well with each other. The proposed flexible composites due to their exhibited energy absorption capabilities and damage mechanism are best suited as claddings for structural application subjected to impact with an aim of protecting the main structural component from being failed catastrophically.     

Polymer composite for antistatic application in aerospace

The phenomenon of static electricity is unpredictable, particularly when an aircraft flying at high altitude that causes the accumulation of static charges beyond a threshold value leading to the failure of its parts and systems including severe explosion and radio communication failure. The accumulation of static charges on aircraft is generated by the virtue of interaction between the outer surface of aircraft and the external environmental attributes encompasses air particles, ice, hail, dust, volcanic ash in addition to its triboelectric charging. In the recent years, advanced polymer-based composites or nanocomposites are preferred structural constituents for aircrafts due to their light weight and comparable mechanical properties, but such composite systems do not render low impedance path for charge flow and are subsequently vulnerable to effect of lightning strike and precipitation static. In this context, it is essential to develop conductive composite systems from non-conductive polymer matrix by nanofiller embodiments. The advent of carbon-based nanocomposite/nanomaterials have adequately addressed such issues related to the nonconductive polymer matrix and further turned into an avant-garde genre of materials. The current review envisioned to illustrate the detailed exploitation of various polymer nanocomposites in addition to especially mentioned epoxy composites based on carbon fillers like carbon black, carbon nanotube (single walled carbon nanotube and multi walled carbon nanotube) and graphene the development of antistatic application in aircraft in addition to the static charge phenomenon and condition for its prevalence in avionic systems.     

An efficient SPH methodology for modelling mechanical characteristics of particulate composites

Particulate composites are one of the widely used materials in producing numerous state-of-the-art components in biomedical, automobile, aerospace including defence technology. Variety of modelling techniques have been adopted in the past to model mechanical behaviour of particulate composites. Due to their favourable properties, particle-based methods provide a convenient platform to model failure or fracture of these composites. Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of such methods which demonstrate excellent potential for modelling failure or fracture of particulate composites in a Lagrangian setting. One of the major challenges in using SPH method for modelling composite materials depends on accurate and efficient way to treat interface and boundary conditions. In this paper, a master-slave method based multi-freedom constraints is proposed to impose essential boundary conditions and interfacial displacement constraints in modelling mechanical behaviour of composite materials using SPH method. The proposed methodology enforces the above constraints more accurately and requires only smaller condition number for system stiffness matrix than the procedures based on typical penalty function approach. A minimum cut-off value-based error criteria is employed to improve the compu-tational efficiency of the proposed methodology. In addition, the proposed method is further enhanced by adopting a modified numerical interpolation scheme along the boundary to increase the accuracy and computational efficiency. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed master-slave approach yields better accuracy in enforcing displacement constraints and requires approximately the same computational time as that of penalty method.     

应用锤击法的大型复合材料桁架结构段自由振动分析

复合材料桁架结构以其轻质和优异的力学性能应用于大型航天航空飞行器结构,其承载能力和振动特性是决定其应用效果的关键因素。本文考察了大型碳纤维/环氧复合材料方形截面桁架结构段的自由振动特性。采用锤击法实验测试得到了复合材料桁架结构段自由振动的模态和频率,并与有限元数值模拟结果进行对比分析,论证了锤击法测试振动特性在复合材料桁架结构上应用的可行性和准确性。     

Modeling mechanical behaviors of composites with various ratios of matrixeinclusion properties using movable cellular automaton method

Two classes of composite materials are considered: classical metaleceramic composites with reinforcing hard inclusions as well as hard ceramics matrix with soft gel inclusions. Movable cellular automaton method is used for modeling the mechanical behaviors of such different heterogeneous materials. The method is based on particle approach and may be considered as a kind of discrete element method. The main feature of the method is the use of many-body forces of inter-element interaction within the formalism of simply deformable element approximation. It was shown that the strength of reinforcing particles and the width of particle-binder interphase boundaries had determining influence on the service characteristics of metaleceramic composite. In particular, the increasing of strength of carbide inclusions may lead to significant increase in the strength and ultimate strain of composite material. On the example of porous zirconia ceramics it was shown that the change in the mechanical properties of pore surface leads to the corresponding change in effective elastic modulus and strength limit of the ceramic sample. The less is the pore size, the more is this effect. The increase in the elastic properties of pore surface of ceramics may reduce its fracture energy.     

卫星柔性热控薄膜材料充放电效应试验

针对柔性热控薄膜材料导电/绝缘多层复合、微纳尺寸厚度的结构特点,采用10～70 KeV电子辐照的方法开展了kapton基二次表面镜薄膜材料充放电特性的测试试验,获得了表面充电电位、静电放电频次等关键参数,并采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了辐照电子在多层薄膜材料内的输运规律。研究结果表明由于kapton基二次表面镜薄膜结构的特殊性,当辐照电子能量为10 KeV时未发生静电放电现象,随着电子能量不断增加,薄膜材料的表面充电电位幅值与静电放电频次呈先上升后下降的变化规律,且在电子能量为25 KeV时空间充放电效应最为显著。     

Magnetic,thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of beta isotactic polypropylene/natural rubber blends reinforced by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles

The dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in matrix is crucial to ensure optimum performance of the composite. The difficulty level of achieving good dispersion is further increase when a multi-phases of matrix is present. A pre-coating technique of magnetic nanoparticles with polypropylene using ball-mill prior to melt-blending process was employed to prepare a multi-phases thermoplastic natural rubber composite. The effect of filler loading (2 wt%-10 wt%) on morphology, structure, magnetic properties, thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the NiZn ferrite nanoparticles act as nucleating agent to form beta isostatic polypropylene thermoplastic composites. The composites' magnetic properties are directly dependent on the filler concentration. The dispersion of magnetic fillers in polymer matrix plays role in affecting the magnetic properties and thermal stability. The preference of filler to locate at amorphous phase has distorted the chain orientation of natural rubber and polypropylene. Hence, the polymorphism and crystallinity of the matrix varied as the filler loading increased, affecting the dynamic mechanical properties. It was found that 8 wt% NiZn nanocomposite exhibits highest E’ and tanδ, indicating the dynamic mechanical properties of NiZn nanocomposite are affected by β-phase degree.