Theoretical analysis of the general linear model for lanchester - type combat between two homogeneous forces

This paper studies Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces modeled by the so-called general linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals. It demonstrates that this model can be transformed into a simpler canonical form, which is also shown to arise from fixed-force-level-breakpoint battles modeled by Lanchester-type equations for modern warfare. Analytical expressions for the force levels for the general variable coefficient linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals are constructed out of so-called general Lanchester functions for the model without replacements/withdrawals, for which all solutions are shown to be nonoscillatory in the strict sense. These force-level results are unfortunately so complicated and opaque that the constant-coefficient version of the model must be studied before any insights into the dynamics of combat may be analytically obtained. Thus, fairly complete results are given for the general linear model with constant attrition-rate coefficients and constant rates of replacement/withdrawal. However, the expressions for the force levels are still so complicated that we have not been able to develop battle-outcome prediction conditions directly from them alone but have had to establish general results on the qualitative behavior of solutions. A significant result (and one that greatly complicates the prediction of battle outcome) is that all solutions to the model with replacements/withdrawals are no longer necessarily nonoscillatory in the strict sense, i.e., both sides force levels can take on negative values if the force-on-force attrition equations are not “turned off” at the right time. Thus, this paper shows that the addition of continuous replacements/withdrawals to a Lanchester-type model may significantly change the qualitative behavior of the force-level trajectories. Battle-outcome prediction conditions are nevertheless given, and important insights into the dynamics of combat are briefly indicated.     

2005:汽车零部件企业进退维谷

中国汽车工业经过近几年的快速发展,一批有优势的汽车整车业和主机厂不断发展壮大起来,诸如一汽、东风、上汽、长安、北汽等整车业规模不断扩大,核心竞争能力不断增强,参与市场竞争的能力进一步得到提升。在整车业和主机厂的发展带动下,一批汽车零部件企业也不断发展起来,但随着下一步的竞争加剧,国际汽车零部件集团的冲击下,汽车零部件企业高额利润已一去不复返,今后汽车零部件企业将向微利方向发展,2005年是汽车零部件企业的微利转折年。据权威部门统计,今年第一季度,我国汽车行业利润同比下滑约100亿元,下滑近6成,其中汽车零部件行业受整…     

A theory of ideal linear weights for heterogeneous combat forces

Detailed combat simulations can produce effectiveness tables which measure the effectiveness of each weapon class on one side of an engagement, battle, or campaign to each weapon class on the other. Effectiveness tables may also be constructed in other ways This paper assumes that effectiveness tables are given and shows how to construct from them a system of weapon weights each of which is a weighted average of the effects of a given weapon against each of the enemy's weapons. These weights utilize the Perron- Frobenius theory of eigenvectors of nonnegative matrices. Methods of calculation are discussed and some interpretations are given for both the irreducible and reducible cases.     

A simple Markov model for the analysis of multiple air combat

It is proposed to describe multiple air-to-air combat having a moderate number of participants with the aid of a stochastic process based on end-game duels. A simple model describing the dominant features of air combat leads to a continuous time discrete-state Markov process. Solution of the forward Kolmogorov equations enables one to investigate the influence of initial force levels and performance parameters on the outcome probabilities of the multiple engagement. As is illustrated, such results may be useful in the decision-making process for aircraft and weapon system development planning. Some comparisons are made with Lanchester models as well as with a semi-Markov model.     

A Lanchester-type model of combat with stochastic rates

The effects of environmental stochasticity in a Lanchester-type model of combat are investigated. The methodology is based on a study of stochastic differential equations with random parameters characterized by dichotomous Markov processes. Exact expressions for the Laplace transforms of the time evolution of the first- and second-order moments of the system are obtained. A special case when the fluctuations in the parameters occur with great rapidity in comparison with the natural time scale of the system is also analyzed. The stochastic stability in the mean-square sense is discussed by using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion and it is found that the stochastic perturbations tend to destabilize the system.     

带保障智能体的多智能体战斗模型仿真研究

为了研究基于复杂适应系统理论的多智能体仿真模型的演化和涌现规律,在Swarm平台上建立了一个多智能体的战斗保障模拟仿真系统,并对战斗过程双方兵力耗损和弹药消耗进行了仿真研究,其结果和现实情况比较吻合.基于复杂适应系统理论的多智能体仿真模型可以模拟复杂系统的微观行为,进而能够显现出系统的宏观涌现现象,对作战研究有着非常重要的方法论意义.     

基于概率分析法的无人攻击机作战效能分析模型研究

未来防空战场上无人攻击机已成为一种重要的空中威胁。无人攻击机作战过程可分为飞行、突防、攻击三个阶段,运用概率分析方法分别建立了各阶段的数学模型,给出了其作战效能表达式,为进一步进行无人攻击机作战效能分析提供了模型基础。     

新形势下边防后勤保障工作探析

后勤工作是部队整体工作的一个重要组成部分。后勤服务工作的好坏 ,保障质量的高低 ,直接影响和制约着部队整体工作的成败。后勤工作要以坚持正确的服务方向为出发点 ;以努力做好保障工作为落脚点 ;以加强队伍建设为长远目标。     

改进遗传算法的反无人机作战火力分配优化

无人机作战与反无人机作战已成为现代战争一种非常重要的作战样式。如何快速针对来袭的多个无人机目标合理分配火力,提出最优的分配方案,是现代防空作战的重要课题。然而,当前军队尚缺少专门针对小型化无人机作战目标火力分配的研究,而传统意义上的火力分配模型已不能满足反无人机作战指挥决策的需求。采用基于深度强化学习的防控策略评估技术可动态性生成一个可行拦截方案。本文基于深度强化学习方法的初期决策,针对其无法满足火力分配决策所需的多种解决方案和决策结果不可控的问题,利用遗传算法的优势,建立了一个改进遗传算法的优化模型,有效解决了深度强化学习目标分配初期决策的结果优化问题,并通过仿真结果对比分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。此方法可以进一步应用于诸多易早熟收敛的小规模目标分配问题。     

复合陶瓷含片状夹杂共晶体的理论断裂强度

应用四相模型法研究含片状夹杂复合共晶体的细观应力场．在基体、界面相和片状夹杂为各向同性的条件下,得到细观应力分布规律,并表现出明显的尺度效应．应用位错塞积理论研究片状夹杂内的位错运动,通过两相界面处位错塞积产生的应力集中确定其在基体内产生的最大张应力,导致基体首先被破坏失效,当基体内最大张应力等于分子理论的断裂强度时,得到共晶体断裂强度的理论表达式．结果表明：含片状夹杂共晶复合陶瓷强度随夹杂厚度增加而减小．     

直角坐标系统中的观测误差相关函数解析分析

在火控系统中,目标坐标的测量是在球坐标系中进行的,而解相遇问题是在直角坐标系统中进行的,为了设计出火控系统最优滤波器,需要获得直角坐标系中观测误差的相关函数。利用随机变量的特征函数和欧拉公式,首先推导了完整的直角坐标系统中的观测误差的相关函数,在此基础上根据实际条件依次进行了4步合理简化。最后,通过实例计算,分析了相应的简化可能造成的滤波精度损失,为实际的火控系统设计提供了依据。     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系中三大理论成果的内在联系

中国特色社会主义理论体系中的三大理论成果之间有着内在的联系,它们都是在改革开放的历史进程中形成的,理论的主题都是建设和发展中国特色社会主义,理论的精髓都是坚持实事求是,价值目标都是以人为本.由于它们之间的内在联系性,使三大理论成果共同构成了中国特色社会主义理论体系.     

两个含磷、氮化合物的EI-MS分析

采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术对二异丙氨基甲基膦酸乙基酯和N,N-双（2-甲基膦酸乙基酯乙基）甲基胺2个合成样品进行了分析,比较深入地研究了2个化合物的质谱裂解规律,并推断了样品中相关杂质的结构。     

坚持用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装官兵

切实抓好用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装官兵工作,一要切实领悟其科学真理性,进一步解决好"真信"问题;二要切实遵循理论武装工作的特点规律,进一步解决好"真学"问题;三要深刻把握其精神实质,进一步解决好"真懂"问题;四要切实使其进入改造主客观世界的实践,进一步解决好"真用"问题.     

坚持用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装官兵

坚持用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装官兵、不断夯实守边固防的思想根基.要筑牢高举旗帜、听党指挥这个根本;要着力端正官兵的价值追求;要不断强化官兵守边强边的使命意识.