压电微动伺服机构

本文详尽论述了作为精密车床直线运动误差检测,补偿系统中的微动伺服机构的工作原理、伺服机构结构参数的优化设计以及为提高伺服机构的频响而设计的“有源高压放电电路”。最后,建立了压电微动伺服机构的静、动态特性的数学模型。     

基于高层滑模的导弹电液伺服机构模糊滑模控制

针对导弹电液伺服机构的跟踪控制问题,设计了一种模糊滑模控制方案。将高层滑模函数作为模糊控制系统的一维输入,简化了一般模糊滑模控制系统结构,从而得到具有少量规则的模糊滑模的设计方案。仿真结果表明了该方案可以减小跟踪误差,增强系统的鲁棒性和削弱控制信号中的高频抖振。     

CAMC神经网络在电动伺服机构摩擦补偿中的应用

以三轴电动仿真转台外环位置伺服系统的摩擦补偿为研究对象,分析了伺服机构的摩擦特性及影响,提出一种新的基于CMAC神经网络进行摩擦补偿的控制器设计方案,并给出了控制器设计中具体的结构和算法。实验结果说明该方案有效保证了系统的稳定性和跟踪精度并且具有较强的自适应能力和鲁棒性。     

高马赫数临近空间无人机气动布局设计分析

以高马赫数临近空间无人机概念方案设计为背景,研究高马赫数无人机气动布局设计问题。为提高气动布局设计的效率,开发了气动外形设计和分析的工具,包括参数化几何建模程序、网格自动生成程序、自动化流场计算程序和结果分析程序。针对高马赫数无人机总体设计要求,提出一种翼身融合的双后掠气动布局方案,翼型为菱形,尾翼构型为V型。为了满足进气道进口流量捕获面积的要求,机体前缘设计成拱形前缘。应用数值分析方法分析展弦比和上反角对升阻比的影响,优选出合适的展弦比和下反角,形成了最终的气动布局方案。流场特性分析结果证实了最终的气动布局方案的合理性。     

基于扩展多模型自适应估计的运载火箭伺服机构故障检测与诊断

针对运载火箭伺服机构故障,提出了一种基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法。首先建立了考虑伺服机构故障的运载火箭姿态动力学模型,其次将故障角度作为状态变量得到增广状态空间模型,然后利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行状态向量和故障参数的非线性估计,并基于传感器测量数据采用假设检验算法在线计算故障发生的概率,最后给出了基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法流程。该方法的优点是只用一个扩展卡尔曼滤波器就可完成一个伺服机构的故障检测与诊断,从而大幅减小用于伺服机构故障检测与诊断的滤波器数量。仿真结果表明,该方法在无故障时可对伺服机构进行健康监测,在单台伺服机构故障下,可以及时准确判断出哪一台芯级伺服机构发生故障,并可准确估计出伺服机构故障下的发动机摆角角度。     

轴承装配误差及预紧量对导引头伺服机构谐振频率影响与分析

为了在精密装调过程中对导引头伺服机构的动态特性进行准确预测,采用理论建模的方法确定了轴承微量装配参数与伺服机构谐振频率的定量关系。基于Hertz接触理论,建立5自由度轴承刚度模型,并将微量装配误差对轴承刚度矩阵的影响进行建模和分析;采用Timoshenko梁理论推导弹性阶梯轴单元矩阵,并确定系统特征值和特征向量的求解方法;采用MATLAB/GUI建立伺服机构谐振频率分析系统,并搭建实验系统对理论模型进行验证。分析和实验结果表明,所建立的分析方法可以对轴承的微量装配误差引起的谐振频率变化进行比较准确的计算,解决了目前伺服机构精密装调过程中动态特性预测的难题。     

基于电测法的导引头伺服机构干扰力矩测量及精密装配工艺优化

为了在导引头伺服机构装配过程中减小干扰力矩,基于电测法搭建伺服机构驱动力矩测量系统,采用Labview和Dliphi开发了测量系统上下位软件;在精密装调过程中,通过实时监测驱动力矩,调整装调参数,达到减小干扰力矩的作用。对质量不平衡力矩及活动线缆力矩在驱动力矩中的特性进行了实验验证,确定伺服机构配平和布线方法;对轴承预紧力与伺服机构摩擦力矩关系进行了实验验证,解决自动跑合工艺问题,对减小摩擦力矩波动幅值具有重要意义;测量伺服机构转轴回转误,明确最佳轴承预紧力的工艺方法。基于搭建的驱动力矩测量系统对传统的伺服机构装配工艺进行优化,将依赖技师经验装配的定性方法优化为依赖力矩测量的定性方法。     

导引头伺服机构干扰力矩测量及精密装配工艺优化

为了在导引头伺服机构装配过程中减小干扰力矩,基于电测法搭建伺服机构驱动力矩测量系统;在精密装调过程中,通过监测驱动力矩,调整装调参数,达到减小干扰力矩的作用。对质量不平衡力矩及活动线缆力矩在驱动力矩中的特性进行实验验证,确定了伺服机构配平和布线方法;对轴承预紧力与伺服机构摩擦力矩关系进行实验验证,解决了自动跑合工艺问题,这对减小摩擦力矩波动幅值具有重要意义;测量伺服机构转轴回转误,明确最佳轴承预紧力的工艺方法。结果表明,所提方法对传统的伺服机构装配工艺进行优化,可将依赖技师经验装配的定性方法优化为依赖力矩测量的定性方法。     

太阳观测卫星的数传天线波束及其指向设计

针对三轴稳定对日指向姿态的太阳同步轨道卫星,提出为获得最大对地数据传输时间的天线波束设计及布局方案。根据某型太阳观测卫星的轨道姿态设计方案,建立数传天线对指定地面站的天线波束指向仿真模型;使用卫星工具包STK仿真软件,分析不同波束角方案及其可能的指向对数传时间的影响,发现了对日指向卫星与对地指向卫星在数传时间上的不同规律,找到最优的天线波束布局来获得最大的数传时间;根据星载数传能力与不同天线波束宽度之间的关系,获得传输数据的最佳天线波束宽度,为这类卫星数传天线的波束设计及其布局提供设计依据。     

运载火箭伺服机构故障检测与诊断的扩展多模型自适应方法

针对运载火箭伺服机构故障,提出一种基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法。建立考虑伺服机构故障的运载火箭姿态动力学模型;将故障角度作为状态变量得到增广状态空间模型;利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行状态向量和故障参数的非线性估计,并基于传感器测量数据采用假设检验算法在线计算故障发生的概率;给出基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法流程。仿真结果表明,该方法在无故障时可对伺服机构进行健康监测;在单台伺服机构故障下,可以及时准确判断出哪一台芯级伺服机构发生故障,并可准确估计出伺服机构故障下的发动机摆角角度。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.