Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

基于改进核极限学习机和集成学习理论的目标机动轨迹预测

为了提高目标轨迹预测的精度以及预测模型的泛化能力,提出基于改进蝙蝠算法优化的核极限学习机(Kernel Extreme Learning Machine,KELM)和集成学习理论目标机动轨迹预测模型。构建KELM模型,并采用改进的蝙蝠算法对KELM的参数进行优化;以优化后的KELM神经网络为弱预测器,结合集成学习算法生成强预测器,通过训练不断优化强预测的结构和参数,得到一种基于集成学习理论的目标机动轨迹预测模型;基于不同规模的样本,将所得预测模型与逆传播神经网络、支持向量机和极限学习机等模型进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:所提目标机动轨迹预测模型具有较好的预测精度和泛化能力。     

采用随机矩阵理论的水声阵列SMI-MVDR空间谱估计技术

对角加载MVDR技术是一种经典的空间谱估计技术,在水声阵列信号处理中有着广泛的应用。该技术之所以具有较好的性能是由于其通过对角加载使样本协方差矩阵的特征值分散度减小。提出了基于随机矩阵理论的MVDR空间谱估计技术,具体思路是利用随机矩阵特征值的极限性质实现样本协方差矩阵噪声的抑制,以达到类似对角加载能够实现的特征值分散度减小的效果。仿真表明所提出的方法与对角加载方法达到了同样的目的,且当快拍数一定,而信噪比由小变大时,该方法可以达到与对角加载MVDR技术相当的性能;当信噪比设为定值,快拍数由小变大时,其与对角加载技术具有相同的DOA估计成功概率变化趋势,且在小样本情况下,此方法优势较为明显。     

Optimum quantiles for the linear estimation of the parameters of the extreme value distribution in complete and censored samples

The present study is concerned with the determination of a few observations from a sufficiently large complete or censored sample from the extreme value distribution with location and scale parameters μ and σ, respectively, such that the asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators (ABLUE) of the parameters in Ref. [24] yield high efficiencies among other choices of the same number of observations. (All efficiencies considered are relative to the Cramér-Rao lower bounds for regular unbiased estimators.) The study is on the asymptotic theory and under Type II censoring scheme. For the estimation of μ when σ is known, it has been proved that there exists a unique optimum spacing whether the sample is complete, right censored, left censored, or doubly censored. Several tables are prepared to aid in the numerical computation of the estimates as well as to furnish their efficiencies. For the estimation of σ when μ is known, it has been observed that there does not exist a unique optimum spacing. Accordingly we have obtained a spacing based on a complete sample which yields high efficiency. A similar table as above is prepared. When both μ and σ are unknown, we have considered four different spacings based on a complete sample and chosen the one yielding highest efficiency. A table of the efficiencies is also prepared. Finally we apply the above results for the estimation of the scale and/or shape parameters of the Weibull distribution.     

基于候选轨迹统计模型的红外弱小点目标检测(英文)

建立候选目标轨迹集合,以候选目标轨迹集合为样本空间,利用沿候选轨迹的能量积分构造此空间上的概率分布,从而建立候选轨迹的概率统计模型.以此模型为基础,设计了一种弱小点目标检测方法.通过蒙特卡罗实验方法调节模型参数,使得算法的检测性能达到所提出的指标.该算法规避了以往算法中需要获得解析形式的候选轨迹密度函数的限制,因此能检测出沿任意方向作直线运动的点目标.最后,针对给定的弱小点目标观测图像序列,利用所提出的算法进行检测,仿真结果证明此算法是有效的.     

舰载指控系统的目标跟踪技术现状与未来

考虑到目标跟踪在作战中的重要性,论述了目前的跟踪滤波技术:卡尔曼滤波、扩展卡尔曼滤波,重点论述了未来可用于跟踪的基于贝叶斯原理的粒子滤波技术,是最近几年出现的解决非线性跟踪问题的有效方法。     

坦克火控首发命中率试验脱靶弹数据处理方法

通过对出现脱靶弹情况下的散布特征参数估计方法的研究 ,建立了正态双边截尾样本均值和方差估计数学模型 ,并给出了数值计算方法 ,为坦克火控系统首发命中概率试验脱靶弹数据处理提供了理论依据。     

Structured maintenance policies on interior sample paths

We examine the problem of adaptively scheduling perfect observations and preventive replacements for a multi‐state, Markovian deterioration system with silent failures such that total expected discounted cost is minimized. We model this problem as a partially observed Markov decision process and show that the structural properties of the optimal policy hold for certain non‐extreme sample paths. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

水雷不同外形目标强度的计算与测量

根据水雷隐身需要,分析了不同外形水雷的目标强度与隐身之间的关系,并对一些典型外形进行了目标强度计算.同时,在非消声水池中对按比例缩小的外形样品进行了声脉冲测量,将试验测得的目标强度值与理论计算的目标强度值相比较,认为波纹盒形水雷有较好的外形隐身效果.     

箔条云干扰下的单目标恒虚警率检测研究

箔条云在扩散过程中随着时间变化会稀释和扩大,其回波特性会发生改变,被检测目标与箔条的相互位置关系也会影响雷达恒虚警检测。针对作战对抗过程中箔条干扰易造成雷达接收机阻塞干扰目标检测,检测概率迅速降低且易丢失目标贻误战机,通过详细分析箔条的扩散过程及信号频谱特性及其箔条云和目标的两种位置关系,利用恒虚警处理算法在噪声基底为10 dB和20 dB情况下对目标进行恒定虚警率检测研究。研究结果对改善飞机检测性能和抗虚警能力以及提高战场生存率具有积极作用。     

用于目标跟踪的自适应广义调频波形设计算法

提出了一种用于雷达目标跟踪的自适应广义调频波形设计算法。该算法根据跟踪器的动态需求,以广义调频信号为样板波形自适应设计下一时刻的发射波形,其目的是使预测的目标跟踪均方误差最小化,并假定高信噪比条件,且目标跟踪运动模型和观测模型均为线性。利用与某一波形相对应的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)以及卡尔曼滤波器,通过最小化预测的跟踪均方误差来实现广义调频波形的自适应设计。仿真结果表明:在信噪比相同的情况下,与使用固定参数、自适应参数的线性调频波形设计算法相比,所提出的算法能够获得更低的目标跟踪均方误差。     

基于粒子滤波改进的VTS微弱目标检测前跟踪算法

舰船交通服务系统是民用雷达的信息集成系统,探测微弱目标存在RCS小、回波弱、杂波强等问题,导致信噪比低,难以实现有效检测跟踪。基于粒子滤波的检测前跟踪技术对低信噪比下微弱目标信息积累和探测有良好效果。通过采集单设备实测数据,构建遗忘因子和收敛因子以增加重采样的效率,引入虚拟采样保持粒子的多样性,提升粒子滤波对微弱目标的探测能力。仿真试验表明,改进后的算法可实现舰船交通服务系统对微弱目标的有效探测,并能获得较精准的目标状态估计值。     

The complementary use of regression diagnostics and robust estimators

Regression modeling for prediction or forecasting purposes is critically dependent on the quality of the data which are used to estimate the model parameters. Extreme response or predictor-variable values can substantially influence least-squares estimates and disproportionately affect predictions. Robust alternatives to least-squares are less sensitive to extreme observations and can provide more precise predictions. In this article diagnostic displays are used to identify extreme observations and to assess the sensitivity of least-squares parameter estimates and predictions to the inclusion of these observations in a data set. The displays are shown to aid in the interpretation of weights which robust estimators assign to influential observations.     

Further light on nonparametric selection efficiency

A nonparametric selection procedure ??bs was proposed by Bechhofer and Sobel (1958) and studied by Dudewicz (1971) in comparison with other procedures under normal and uniform alternatives. He found ??BS always required larger sample sizes, sometimes substantially so. For 2-point populations we find more extreme results. We also find that ??BS may be substantially better than reasonable competitors designed specifically for 2-point populations. Finally, a new nonparametric selection procedure (conjectured to be better than ??BS) is proposed.     

直流磁控溅射法制备c-BN膜

本研究用一种新的方法—直流磁控溅射法制备了立方氮化硼膜(c-BN)。因为它的沉积速率较高,未来工业化的潜力较大,这一技术对工业界具有很大意义。c-BN膜的沉积过程由过去的射频系统改造而来。直流溅射的靶材选用了碳化硼,靶及试样台均接负极。我们将试样台放在一圆形电磁线圈的中央,即采用非平衡磁控模式。试验证明,试样台上的离子流密度及高子与中性粒子的比例是重要的试验参数。通过试验,在单晶硅片及钢衬底上沉积了几近单相的c-BN膜,并用电子探针(EPMA)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)和红外谱(IR)对膜的成分和结构进行了分析。膜的硬度和摩擦系数测量表明,所制备的c-BN膜具有出色的机械和摩擦学性能。     

仿真信号模糊一致性分析与风险评估方法

为了完善基于置信区间的仿真信号一致性分析方法,考虑了置信区间与接收区间的长度匹配问题,定义来最佳样本容量,并在此基础上提出了基于D-S证据理论的仿真信号模糊一致性分析方法。同时为了对信号仿真模型的风险进行定量评估,建立了信号仿真模型风险系数函数,得到多参数仿真信号风险系数向量,以此给决策者和/或仿真用户提供决策支持。最后,用水中兵器仿真试验中水中目标辐射噪声仿真的应用实例加以说明。     

Determining adjacent vertices on assignment polytopes

To rank the solutions to the assignment problem using an extreme point method, it is necessary to be able to find all extreme points which are adjacent to a given extreme solution. Recent work has shown a procedure for determining adjacent vertices on transportation polytopes using a modification of the Chernikova Algorithm. We present here a procedure for assignment polytopes which is a simplification of the more general procedure for transportation polytopes and which also allows for implicit enumeration of adjacent vertices.     

建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律对火灾探测系统的影响

分析了烟在建筑物内部的蔓延规律,讨论了烟气的蔓延规律、气流速度、障碍物及房间高度对火灾探测系统的影响,得出研究火灾烟气蔓延规律对火灾探测系统的可靠性具有重要意义的结论。     

结合流形滤波的矩阵信息几何检测器

针对小样本、非均匀杂波下的信号检测问题,提出一种基于流形滤波的矩阵信息几何检测器,将信号检测问题转化为矩阵流形上的几何问题。将每一个样本的相关性数据建模为一个托普利兹正定矩阵,在此基础上,利用每一个样本数据的邻近矩阵进行加权平滑滤波,去除一部分杂波能量,提升目标与杂波间的区分性。计算了辅助样本数据对应矩阵的几何均值,通过比较待检测样本数据矩阵与几何均值矩阵之间的距离与检测门限的大小,以实现信号检测。实验结果表明,与自适应匹配滤波相比,本文方法在小样本、非均匀杂波下具有明显的性能优势。     

随机动态规划的混合算法研究

针对随机条件下动态规划模型的主要特点,运用智能算法混合编程理论,设计了一种探索多阶段决策问题的智能混合算法.该算法首先将问题转化成一族同类型的一步决策子问题,然后利用随机模拟和遗传算法,依据训练样本形成的训练神经元网络,在单步决策中寻求最优策略和最优目标值,逐个求解,再据初始状态逆序求出最优策略序列和最优目标值.仿真结果表明,该算法具有一定的通用性,初始设计点可以随机产生,其计算精度不因函数的非线性强弱而受影响,对目标和约束的限制较少,可应用于多种形式的随机多阶段决策优化问题,较好地满足了随机动态规划模型求解和优化的要求.