基于改进DS证据理论的指挥控制系统信息融合方法

对作战目标的识别是指挥与控制系统在作战环境中实施精确打击的前提条件,然而多种系统协同作战必然会对作战目标的识别有差异.针对冲突识别信息融合导致的目标识别不明确甚至错误的问题,提出一种基于改进DS证据理论的指控系统信息融合方法,该方法构建基于智联体的融合模型,在此模型基础上根据皮尔逊相关系数计算出目标识别信息的相关性权重...     

一种新的基于DSmT的合成公式

DSmT是一种有用的不确定推理方法,能较好地解决强冲突情况下的信息融合问题.由于其在组合规则方面存在不足,影响了DSmT的应用.提出了一种新的合成方法,即在保留冲突焦元的基础上对支持证据冲突的概率进行重新分配.仿真分析表明,新的合成公式提高了目标识别的准确性,对于高度冲突的证据,也能够取得理想的合成结果.     

基于改进合成规则的弹头目标综合识别方法

为了提高多传感器弹头目标综合识别能力,提出了一种改进的证据合成规则。通过证据可靠性的AHP评估与分析,计算出证据的权重系数。并通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据的可信度,得到证据的一致性偏差。根据证据的权重系数及一致性偏差计算其冲突概率分配系数。基于冲突概率的全局分配对多传感器的识别证据进行融合。实例分析表明,该方法能够有效降低弹头目标决策层融合识别的风险,提高弹头目标综合识别的鲁棒性和准确性。     

D-S证据理论改进算法提高水下目标识别准确性

D-S证据理论在目标识别中有着广泛的应用,是较好的数据融合方法之一,但在证据高度冲突时,会产生有悖常理的结果。针对此问题,引入传感器的可信度,提出了一种新的改进算法。该算法弥补了D-S证据理论所存在的不足,比其他改进算法融合效果好,此算法应用于水下目标识别,计算结果表明提高了水下目标识别的准确性和有效性。     

基于专家系统的弹道导弹目标识别方法

传统Dempster-Shafer(D-S)算法及其改进算法中,一般将冲突证据与不冲突证据统一融合,无论融合过程中冲突证据所占权重多小,这都将降低融合效率。针对这个问题,引入专家系统理论,面向信息融合中证据冲突的问题,将冲突证据与无冲突证据分组,构建了基于专家信任度的弹道导弹目标识别模型和专家知识库模型,从工程上设计了弹道导弹目标识别专家知识库系统,提出了两种专家知识权重确立方法,并通过实例以及仿真,验证了算法的可行性。     

一种改进的D-S冲突证据合成方法

产生反直觉结果是D-S证据理论在融合冲突证据时经常出现的问题,为了解决这一问题,提出一种改进的D-S冲突证据合成方法。利用Pignistic概率距离衡量证据间的冲突;同时,引进证据间相似度、支持度、确定度、决策度以及可信度来共同确定证据的权重,合理地分配冲突在各命题的比例;并对存在冲突的证据进行修正处理;最后,利用统一信度函数模型对证据进行合成。通过算例验证并与其他方法进行对比表明,所研究的方法在处理冲突证据时优于其他方法,鲁棒性和收敛性更好。     

基于证据理论的多源信息目标识别

目标识别系统中多源传感器信息高度冲突时,利用DS规则直接融合得出的结果不合理,针对该问题,提出了期望证据融合算法。多个证据融合时,根据两证据间的矛盾信息大小确定其相互支持度,将证据支持度矩阵模最大特征值对应的特征向量归一化后得到各证据的权重系数,进而求出期望证据,并用DS规则迭代融合。通过数字仿真对多种方法进行了比较分析,表明期望证据法在传感器信息高度冲突时依然可以得到较为理想的融合结果。     

基于DST和PCR5的弹道目标识别方法

在反导系统中,基于多传感器多源信息的融合识别,一直是研究的热点。为了解决不精确、不确定、冲突的多源信息的融合问题,结合DST(证据理论)和PCR5(比例冲突再分配准则)在处理不同冲突程度证据时的优势,提出了一种自适应的弹道导弹目标识别方法。首先引入关联系数的概念,用来表征证据间的冲突大小;其次给出了目标综合识别步骤;最后结合2个例子进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该方法识别率高,收敛性快,能够有效解决在识别中不稳定、不一致信息的融合问题,具有一定的应用价值。     

冲突证据组合中的模型修正新方法

针对经典DS组合规则在证据高度冲突情况下的失效问题,提出了一种改进的证据组合方法.通过引入证据间的距离函数获得证据之间的相似度和各个证据的支持度,并由此求得各个证据的归一化可信度.提出了一种改进的证据冲突检验方法,利用可信度加权平均证据对各个证据源进行冲突检验和修正,以消除证据之间的冲突.最后利用DS规则获得合成证据.数值算例表明,该算法能有效地融合高度冲突的证据,提高了证据组合结果的可靠性和合理性.     

多源目标识别中冲突证据的融合策略研究

随着防空反导作战环境的日益复杂,快速准确地进行真假目标识别显得尤为重要。针对多源目标决策级识别中冲突证据融合问题,在综合分析现有改进证据理论方法的基础上,引入新的冲突度量系数,提出了一种通过在融合流程中增加智能判断环节,以冲突系数为判断依据,对具有不同冲突系数证据选择不同组合规则进行证据组合的融合方法,并给出了策略的流程图。最后进行了实例验证,结果表明新策略能对不同未知信度和不同识别框架冲突证据进行快速有效的融合。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.