异步电机矢量控制中转子磁链的直接观测方法

以异步电机的等效电路为模型提出了在电机的外部构造转子磁链物理观测器的方法.理论上证明了在选取合适参数之后,用该物理观测器可以直接得到感应电机转子磁链的大小与相位,该方法用于异步电机的矢量控制系统,具有很好的实时性,且避免复杂的数字运算.     

基于MPC和ESO-DO的四旋翼轨迹跟踪控制

针对扰动作用和模型不确定性下四旋翼无人机精确轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种主动干扰抑制和模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control, MPC)策略。模型预测控制器通过扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)和扰动观测器(Disturbance Observer, DO)来估计和补偿干扰,从而实现位置环精确控制。在存在外部干扰和参数不确定性的情况下,通过仿真实验,证明了所提出的方法提高了对建模误差和干扰的鲁棒性,同时实现了对参考轨迹的平滑跟踪。     

基于迭代学习观测器的卫星姿态滑模容错控制

为解决卫星上反作用飞轮存在安装偏差、故障及外部干扰情况下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于迭代学习观测器的姿态容错控制方法。该方法通过设计迭代学习观测器,以较小的计算量实现对执行机构发生的故障以及安装偏差进行精确的估计。并利用观测器的观测结果设计滑模控制器,使处于外部干扰条件下的卫星系统在执行机构发生故障的情况下可以快速稳定地完成姿态机动任务。进一步基于Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了迭代学习观测器及控制器的全局渐近稳定性。针对反作用飞轮存在不确定性及故障的情况下进行仿真,仿真结果表明,与同类容错控制方法相比,所提方法可以更加快速精确地对故障进行估计并完成姿态控制。     

离散型随机BAM神经网络时滞分布依赖全局指数稳定性

研究一类具有随机时滞与随机干扰的离散型BAM神经网络的全局指数稳定性,所建模型同时考虑离散时滞变化区间与分布概率对稳定性的影响．通过构造新的Lyapunov泛函并结合线性矩阵不等式（LMI）方法,得到了均方意义下依赖于时滞分布的全局指数稳定性条件．     

一种含扰动项的非线性系统执行器故障估计方法

现代控制系统的安全性与可靠性是各领域研究的热点之一,系统故障诊断与估计的方法越来越引起人们的重视.针对一类含有外部扰动的非线性系统,研究了系统执行器故障估计问题.通过设计一种增广系统观测器对原系统中的执行器故障进行估计;考虑到系统中的非线性扰动项,利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法给出了观测器存在的充分条件并保证误差系统渐近稳定.同时,通过设定性能指标减少了外部扰动对执行器故障估计的影响;通过数值算例验证了执行器故障估计方法的有效性,表明该估计方法能够较好的对系统中的执行器故障进行鲁棒估计.     

基于ESO的随动负载模拟器控制策略

由于随动负载模拟器中存在着位置扰动、摩擦以及间隙等非线性影响因素,常见的线性控制方法难以得到较好的控制效果,故提出了基于扩展状态观测器的CMAC前馈分数阶滑模控制策略。利用系统可测量参数,借助于扩展状态观测器观测出非线性扰动;借用双幂次趋近律分数阶滑模控制器,消除参数不确定性带来的干扰,同时又能够降低滑模“抖动”的影响;并采用非线性量化的小脑模型关节控制器作为前馈控制,提高输出的快速性。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性,有助于提高随动负载模拟器的响应速度和稳定性。     

基于状态观测器的混沌系统鲁棒同步设计

研究了在有界干扰情况下一类非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题。基于Sylvester矩阵方程的参数化解,将非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题转化为带有约束条件的优化问题,通过解决该优化问题得到鲁棒同步状态观测器的增益矩阵,从而达到了干扰信号解耦目的。数值算例及其仿真结果表明:该非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器的设计方法是简单有效的。     

一种变质心高速旋转炮弹鲁棒姿态控制律

针对采用变质心技术的高速旋转炮弹的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的动态面控制方法。根据由弹体和单滑块组成的多体系统的特点,建立了系统的姿态动力学模型,并对其进行了合理的简化。将系统的滚转通道引起的强耦合、建模误差及外部扰动等视为未知不确定干扰,并且考虑由于炮弹尺寸限制而引起的多体系统控制输入(滑块位移)的有限性,设计了扩张状态观测器和辅助系统,分别对系统的干扰进行观测以及处理控制输入的有限性,综合动态面控制技术设计了姿态控制律,最后基于李雅普诺夫稳定性原理证明了控制器的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能够在克服干扰的前提下快速稳定地跟踪指令信号,具有良好的控制精度和鲁棒性。     

飞行器外部磁场干扰补偿的预处理

为了缩短飞行器外部磁场干扰的学习补偿时间,提出了飞行器外部磁场补偿的预处理方法,以简化飞行器在空中的学习补偿过程.该方法利用飞行器外部磁场的特点,将恒定磁场、感应磁场和涡流磁场分离成两部分.先在地面通过测量分别计算出外部磁场干扰的磁场系数,在空中直接用求得的系数进行磁场补偿,再通过自适应滤波滤除剩余干扰.实验表明:该方...     

基于干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器Terminal滑模控制

针对高超声速飞行器控制系统纵向平面轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的终端(Terminal)滑模控制器设计方法。将结构的弹性振动视为刚体动力学系统中的不确定因素,采用Terminal滑模控制方法设计速度和高度控制器。为增强控制器的鲁棒性,设计了一种非线性干扰观测器对模型不确定项进行自适应估计和补偿。仿真实验表明,该控制器对模型不确定性和气动弹性影响具有鲁棒性,能够实现对速度和高度参考输入的稳定跟踪。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.