三种食源性致病菌的多重LAMP检测方法研究

针对沙门氏菌的invA基因、金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因和志贺氏菌的ipaH基因分别设计LAMP引物,通过对实验条件和反应体系的优化,分析鉴定扩增产物,验证了LAMP方法的灵敏度及特异性,初步建立了针对三种致病菌的多重LAMP(m-LAMP)检测方法。分别对沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺氏菌的基因组DNA提取物梯度浓度稀释后进行实时荧光检测,结果表明:多重LAMP反应体系检测沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺氏菌的敏感度均为10fg/反应。对目标菌和其他非目标菌的特异性检测均未出现假阳性和假阴性结果,并通过熔解温度曲线分析对目标菌的扩增产物进行初步鉴定。鉴定结果表明:该方法快速准确、简便高效、特异性强,可广泛应用于致病菌的筛选检测。     

海蛇神经毒素Erabutoxin（Eb）的基因在大肠杆菌中的表达研究

为满足科研和医学应用上的需要,用基因工程的方法制备海蛇神经毒素。首先人工合成海蛇神经毒素Erabutoxin（Eb）的基因,重组到T载体。通过PCR扩增Eb基因,用限制性内切酶把基因片段酶切成黏性末端,然后将目标基因插入表达载体pPET22b（＋）,电转重组质粒到宿主菌BL21（DE3）,在25℃0．5mmol／L IPTG诱导培养8h收获培养物,SDS-PAGE电泳检测目标蛋白大部分存在于包涵体中,用8mol／L尿素溶解后,利用C末端的His-6与Ni^2＋离子亲和层析纯化,得到单一的电泳蛋白带。     

β-银环蛇毒素A1链基因的克隆及序列分析

为制备β-BGTA1链重组蛋白并进一步开展β-BGT的生物活性研究,在大肠杆菌中克隆了D—BGTA1链基因,从银环蛇毒腺中提取总RNA,经反转录PCR获得银环蛇毒素cDNA．根据β-BGTA链基因的保守序列设计引物,以银环蛇毒素cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,将PCR产物连接到克隆载体pUCm-T,转入层coilTop10感受态细胞中,经蓝白斑筛选,PCR鉴定为阳性克隆后测序．测序证明获得了β-BGTA1链基因．测序获得的D—BGTA1链基因序列与文献报道的D—BGTA1链的基因序列一致．     

一种高灵敏度标记免疫分析法—免疫PCR

免疫－ＰＣＲ是１９９２年建立的抗原检测系统。它将抗原抗体反应特异性与ＰＣＲ强大的扩增能力结合起来,因而大大提高了灵敏度,具有广泛的应用和发展前景。综述了该系统的原理、方法、应用前景等。     

高灵敏度荧光法对沙林,梭曼的定量检测方法研究

通过优化实验条件,改进了经典荧光法对沙林、梭曼的定量检测方法,建立了高灵敏度的荧光分析方法。该方法重复性好,是一种灵敏度高、简便、快速的超微量分析方法,可定量测定沙林、梭曼,最小检测限为６μｇ／Ｌ。     

适配子在生化分析中的应用进展

适配子具有亲和力高、特异性强、靶分子范围广、稳定性好、制备及修饰容易、可重复利用等优点,可以作为与抗体竞争的一类分子识别物质用于亲和PCR、生物传感器、适配子信标、色谱法、质谱法、毛细管电泳、流式细胞分析及荧光偏振等分析领域,显示出广阔的应用前景。     

地面火炮打击下的战斗减员建模研究

探讨了作战人员遭地面火炮打击后的战斗减员规律。以Anylogic为仿真平台构建多智能体仿真模型,参考武器毁伤实验数据,对作战人员遭地面火炮打击的情况进行了1 000次模拟,并绘制打击效果曲线。不同密度的兵力在遭受火炮打击的情况下,减员率随火力密度的变化规律基本一致,战斗减员率-火力密度曲线和战伤减员率-火力密度曲线近似对数曲线,而阵亡率-火力密度曲线基本是线性的。所构建模型可以定量描述作战人员遭火炮打击后的减员规律,对作战筹划工作和同类研究具有较高参考价值。     

光电坐标传感器在光幕靶中的应用

针对光电报靶系统的标校问题,以及可见光光幕靶光电接收器检测灵敏度的一致性和与海量数据的高速采集问题,采用大发射角的LED发光管,设计了光电开关电路和高速采样保持电路,实现了基于光电开关和取样电阻网络的光电坐标传感器,提高了系统的检测灵敏度和一致性,降低了系统设计的难度和成本。试验证明：该方法精度较高,具有良好的应用前景。     

弱吸收物质与低浓度场的光声光谱研究

从光谱学基本原理出发,分析了一般吸收光谱和发射光谱技术在工程应用方面所存在的缺陷,介绍了一种具有较高灵敏度的光声光谱分析技术,并利用光声光谱技术对弱吸收物质的吸收特性及低浓度场中各组分浓度的监测进行了定性和定量的分析研究,给出了该技术在某些领域中的具体应用。     

行波场效应管放大器的电场理论分析和物理特征

鸡胚成纤维细胞培养ＨＶＴ，蔗糖梯度垫层纯化病毒颗粒，抽提病毒ＤＮＡ后，经ＢａｍｈＩ降解，光敏生物素标记制备成ＨＶＴ ＤＮＡ生物素探针，经斑点印迹杂交试验，生物素ＨＶＴ ＤＮＡ探针具有较高的灵敏性，可检测出３１ｐｇ水平的同源ＤＮＡ序列；探针与具有同源序列的ＨＶＴ ＤＮＡ、ＭＤＶ－京株－１和贵毕－１的ＤＮＡ发生杂交反应，与非同源序列的细胞ＤＮＡ、鲑鱼精子ＤＮＡ、轮状病毒ＲＮＡ、大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ及ＰＢＳ等     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.