略论人类对战争与和平的理性探索

战争与和平对立统一、相互交织,构成了人类生活的主题,因其与社会进步和人类发展休戚相关,成为古今中外人们关注的焦点.从某种程度上说,人类的历史就是一部战争史,战争因对社会发展的巨大推动作用和给人类带来的深重浩劫而成为一体两面的价值体.战争的暴烈使人们渴望和平,并以不同形式展开了对和平的追求.在人类历史上,和平要比战争成熟得晚.在和平与发展的历史条件下,维护和平、制止战争是全人类共同的责任.     

From Domestic to Regional: The Civil War Conundrum and the Cases of Syria and Algeria

This paper seeks to answer a simple question: When do regional powers get involved in civil wars? Some civil wars see a significant involvement of regional actors, while others show a remarkable level of isolation. What explains this difference? This research answers this question by looking at two case studies: the Algerian civil war (1991–2002) and the Syrian civil war (2011–up to date). The paper identifies and develops five factors of regional involvement. These are: capabilities, regional dynamics, country’s relevance, regional security issues/containment and domestic–external links. civil wars are today one of the most prominent and deadly forms of conflict, and this paper contributes to understanding the important but understudied issue of regional involvement.     

An Evolving View of Warfare: War and Peace and the American Military Profession

The Western way of warfare has not prepared the US Army or American society for appreciating an approach to national security that does not yield decisive and measurable outcomes. This proclivity may have significant consequences given the changing nature of the international security environment in the twenty-first century. In order to preserve national security and global stability, American strategic thinkers must understand the evolution of the national strategic culture. Then adjustments must be made to deal effectively with the challenges of a changed world order. Rather than limiting the use of force to decisive means and outcomes, the American military profession must be seriously prepared for success in less dramatic stability and support missions.     

西藏人民的第一次抗英战争

１８８８年（光绪十四年）是藏历土鼠年,西藏人民至今仍将当年抵抗英军入侵之战称为“土鼠年之战”。西藏人民的第一次抗英战争,是近代中华民族反抗西方列强武装侵略斗争史的重要一页。一、战前情势英国于１８４９年征服印度全境后,为了拱卫这块被称为“英王皇冠上最明亮的明珠”的重要殖民地,确保其在南亚次大陆的长期利益,制定了向锡金、不丹、尼泊尔等喜马拉雅山国家和中国西藏扩张的方针。１８６０年,英军进攻西藏的藩属锡金,占领了大吉岭等许多锡金土地。同时,英国同尼泊尔签约,加强了对尼控制。１８６４年,英军又进攻西藏的…     

西藏人民的第二次抗英战争

1904年(清光绪三十年)是藏历木龙年,西藏人民称该年第二次抗击英军入侵之战为“木龙年之战”。这次抗英,较之1888年(土鼠年)的抗英战争规模更大,斗争更加惨烈,战争结果对全国,特别是西藏地区的政治、经济等各方面的影响也更大。一、战争起因1888年西藏人民第一次抗英战争失败后,清廷被迫与英国于1890年签订将锡金断送给英印的《加尔各答条约》,没有征求过十三世达赖和噶厦(西藏地方政府)的意见,因而达赖、噶厦和西藏人民普遍反对这一强加给他们的不平等条约。锡金(原本属于西藏的藩属)的沦丧和英国对西藏的虎视眈眈,引起西藏人民的极大愤慨…     

从伊拉克战争看美军信息化发展趋势

美军在伊拉克战争中广泛应用了国防文电系统、区域防空指挥系统、旅以下部队作战指挥系统及快速战斗图像系统等新型信息系统与技术装备。同时 ,美军还为士兵配备了新型信息化装备 ,并大力提升原有武器装备的信息化作战效能。其最为核心的技术是网络一体化技术、全球信息栅格技术和空间信息技术。     

AID,Policy and Peace: Reducing the risks of civil conflict

We analyze theoretically and empirically the effects of economic policy and the receipt of foreign aid on the risk of civil war. We find that aid and policy do not have direct effects upon conflict risk. However, both directly affect the growth rate and the extent of dependence upon primary commodity exports, and these in turn affect the risk of conflict. Simulating the effect of a package of policy reform and increased aid on the average aid recipient country, we find that after five years the risk of conflict is reduced by nearly 30%.     

论中国近代军事后勤体制建设--从鸦片战争到甲午战争

鸦片战争以来,为了对内镇压太平天国运动、对外抗击西方列强侵略,清政府逐步引进、进而自制近代武器装备.近代武器装备的运用导致近代后勤体制逐步建立专业的后勤机构出现,后勤人员与作战部队分离,军费筹措及消费途径改变.军事后勤体制逐步由古代转变到近代.     

Storming to partition: Croatia,the United States,and Krajina in the Yugoslav War

To many scholars and policymakers, ‘partition’ offers the most efficacious means of resolving ethnic-civil wars. Others reject partition as a solution, citing flaws (both logical and empirical) and harmful international implications should such an approach become commonplace. What has been missing from this debate is an understanding of how the process of partition unfolds. In this article we examine such a process, the case of the Krajina in the war in Yugoslavia, 1994–1995. The US aligned itself with Croatia against Serbs rebelling in the Krajina region of Croatia. The culmination of this alignment occurred in August 1995 when Croatian forces initiated ‘Operation Storm’ (Oluja) against Croatian Serb insurgents. Croatian forces effectively cleansed the Krajina of its Serbian population. Eager to initiate a diplomatic peace process, Washington welcomed the Croatian operation, and largely because of Operation Storm, negotiations at Dayton became possible.     

When Peace Leads to Divorce: The Splintering of Rebel Groups in Powersharing Agreements

While research has already focused on power-sharing agreements by assessing specific effects of political, economic, territorial and military provisions, some provisions might be more important than others. This paper argues that the content of an agreement is crucial for the cohesion of a signatory rebel group since these are strongly affected by resource-distribution and the way in which the underlying conflict is managed. Investigating on the Free Aceh Movement and the Moro National Liberation Front, this study concludes that the implementation of power-sharing is decisive. When inner-core provisions and single factions are addressed, groups tend to stay united.