受限空间可燃气体爆炸抑爆实验系统研究

针对狭长受限空间可燃气体爆炸抑制模拟实验研究的需要,采用超细冷气溶胶抑爆技术设计了一套操作方便、组装灵活、结构合理的复合式气体爆炸抑制系统.完成气体爆炸和抑爆实验.实验表明该抑爆实验系统能满足受限空间不同工况气体爆炸抑爆实验研究的需要;同时也表明可燃气体浓度、抑爆剂性能、信号采集及控制系统响应速度等是影响抑爆效果的主要因素.文中的研究为进一步研制抑爆装置奠定了实验和理论基础.     

污水处理过程软测量系统辅助变量的选择方法

辅助变量的选择包括变量类型、数量及检测点的选择,是软测量建模的第一步,直接关系到软测量质量的好坏.针对活性污泥法,从微生物生长繁殖的角度出发,探讨了各要素对于微生物生长活动能力的影响及其相互关系,通过影响力大小及相互间耦合性的复杂程度选取辅助变量的原则,完成了污水处理辅助变量类型的初选,并对辅助变量的精选进行了讨论.     

分层土中桩筏基础荷载分担

结合一个桩筏联合基础的设计过程,探讨了在复杂地基土上基础设计中的受力分析及变形协调计算过程.介绍了在满足复合地基承载力和变形要求前提下合理布置桩筏联合基础的做法及其设计思路.布置桩筏联合基础时使桩筏分别落在不同土层上,以充分利用不同深度地基土的承载力;另外针对桩下为非淤泥系硬土层,应最大限度利用桩身强度和天然地基承载力.该做法可以取得很好的经济效益,可供工程设计人员参考.     

油库高粘油品输转作业新方法

创造性提出了一种采用管道热边界层减阻与高粘泵匹配,实现油库高粘油品不升温直接输转作业的新方法,并在多个油库成功应用,取得了较好效果.该技术方法采用管道加热、储罐引油、高粘泵输送相结合,设备简单,能耗低,易于自动控制.该方法主要适用于短距离、小口径高粘油品管道输转作业,最佳范围是管长L≤5 km,管径D≤200 mm.目前,人们对利用热边界层进行减阻的意义认识还不深刻,随着管道热边界层减阻理论的建立和完善,该技术方法必将在更多短距离、小口径高粘性液体领域的管道输转作业中得到应用,并产生显著的社会和经济效益.     

考虑地下水浸没作用的预压荷载变化规律与沉降计算研究

研究了堆载预压法加固软土地基的过程中地下水浸没作用对预压荷载的减小情况,给出了深圳蛇口地区堆载预压加固地基过程中荷载的变化规律,利用大、小应变条件下的固结沉降计算公式对几种工况下的计算结果进行了对比分析.结果说明,考虑地下水浸没作用对地基固结沉降的影响随荷载和土压缩性以及土层厚度的增加而增大.通过与传统计算方法的比较,表明进行大变形分析时预压荷载的变化对最终沉降量有显著影响.     

厦门近岸海床边坡地震动力反应分析

运用有限元法与传统条分法相结合的方法对厦门市3处典型的近岸海床边坡进行了地震动力反应分析.在分析中,土体本构关系采用等效非线性模型,输入波为厦门市Ⅲ类场地的两个天然波和松潘地震波.分析结果表明:动力反应分析得到的安全系数小于相应的拟静力分析结果;3处边坡的最小安全系数均小于1,处于不稳定状态,需要加固处理.     

A linear-programming-based method for determining whether or not n demand points are on a hemisphere

Whenever n demand points are located on a hemisphere, spherical location problems can be solved easily using geometrical methods or mathematical programming. A method based on a linear programming formulation with four constraints is presented to determine whether n demand points are on a hemisphere. The formulation is derived from a modified minimax spherical location problem whose Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions are the constraints of the linear program. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

On estimating survival for reliability models based on age-related stochastic comparisons

A new class of nonparametric reliability models is introduced and studied. A distribution is said to be better at age s than at age t (sBt) if the residual lifetime at age s is stochastically greater than or equal to the residual lifetime at age t. Applications to various forms of replacement policies, including the cannibalization of failed systems, are noted. For fixed s < t, the problem of estimating a survival curve assumed to belong to the sBt class is addressed using recursive methods. An sBt estimator is derived in closed form, and its uniform strong consistency at an optimal rate of convergence is demonstrated. A simulation study strongly supports the claim that the sBt estimator tends to outperform the empirical survivor function in small- and moderate-size samples. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Engineering costs and customer costs in designing product support

Product support encompasses activities undertaken by durable goods producers to ensure their customers the continued use of the product. Examples of product support elements include after the sale activities such as providing repair services and warranty programs, as well as all the activities undertaken at the design and production stage to improve the reliability of products before they reach the market. The implications of incorporating customer costs while designing product support packages are the concern of this study. We study how the parameters of support package impact the costs incurred by customers and provide insights about selecting appropriate levels of product support. We show that the engineering orientation of maximizing the product's availability ignores market characteristics, and results in a mismatch between the corporation's support package and the customer's needs. The research is intended to be a step in understanding the interaction between design engineering parameters and customer's costs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Steady-state approximation of a multiechelon multi-indentured repairable-item inventory system with a single repair facility

We model a two-echelon multi-indentured repairable-item inventory system where each “base” has a maximum number of identical online machines, and each machine consists of several module types. Machine failures are due to module failures and occur according to an exponential distribution. When a machine fails, the failed module is replaced by an identical spare module if one is available. Otherwise, the module is backordered. All failed modules go to a single “depot” repair facility which consists of a finite number of identical repairmen who are able to repair any module type in an exponentially distributed time, although the repair rates for different module types may differ. The principal contribution of this article is an approximation algorithm for calculating the steady-state characteristics of the system. In comparison with simulation results, the algorithm is quite accurate and computationally efficient. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.