航空母舰之最

航空母舰是以飞机作为主要战斗武器的大型舰艇,它利用舰上装载的战斗飞机攻击敌方海上和陆地目标,还可以支援其他兵种作战。世界上最早的航空母舰是美国的“兰格利”号,它出现于1920年,是由一艘海军运煤船改装而成的。在航空母舰上最早装备喷气式飞机的是美国     

美海军推出直升机部队重组计划

为进一步增强舰载直升机部队的战斗力,美国海军最近制订了重组其舰载直升机队伍的计划。这份由美海军作战部长办公室起草并计划在未来12年内付诸实施的名为“直升机部队发展总计划”(HelicopterMasterPlan)的方案目标是将其舰载直升机中队的数量从目前的25个增加到31个,但舰载直升机中队的类型却从现有的三种减少到两种。根据“直升机部队发展总计划”的要求,美海军直升机部队兵力结构将实行完全重组,新组建直升机海上战斗中队HSC,主要担负诸如后勤保障、扫雷以及作战搜寻和救援等任务。新组建直升机海上打击中队HSM其首要任务是发动反…     

磁控溅射工艺对CrN基复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基体上制备了不同质量分数Mo的CrMoN复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）和光电子能谱仪（XPS）,系统分析了CrMoN复合涂层的相结构、表面形貌、成分、原子化合价价态等,结果表明：添加Mo后,CrMoN涂层的择优取向由CrN涂层的（220）转变为（200）,CrMoN涂层中的Mo原子取代了CrN晶格中的Cr原子,形成（Cr,Mo）N置换固溶体。采用Nano Test 600硬度测试仪测定了CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度,结果表明：由于CrN相和MoN两种硬相的协同作用,使得CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度值增大。采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机测定了CrN涂层及CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数,结果表明：CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数低于CrN涂层,磨损过程中由于摩擦热反应生成大量MoO3,使得复合膜的摩擦因数降低,起到了一定的润滑效果,降低了磨损量。     

CrN/MoS2固体自润滑复合膜渗硫层相结构研究

采用扫锚电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对CrN/MoS2固体自润滑复合膜表面形貌进行了观察,利用X射线光电子能谱(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,XPS)和俄歇电子能谱仪(Auger Electron Spectrosco-py,AES)对复合膜渗硫层的相结构及剖面元素分布进行了研究。结果表明:经低温离子渗硫处理后,在复合涂层中成功合成MoS2自润滑相,并伴有少量SO2、CrSO4生成。研究发现:渗硫层被氧化是源于渗硫过程中残留的氧气和样品保存过程中接触的空气;用真空封装等隔氧保存方式可防止样品存储过程中渗硫层被氧化;改善渗硫工艺,杜绝渗硫过程中渗硫层被氧化,可以获得单一成分的MoS2层。     

穿着军装的石油人——记大庆石油管理局综治办主任田芝永

沈阳军区任命：大庆石油管理局综治办主任田芝永为黑龙江陆军预备役高炮师副参谋长,预备役上校军衔。消息传来,老田乐得合不上嘴,石油工人们也以不同的方式为他庆贺。几年来,他作为军地双重领导,始终把经济效益和国防建设放在同等重要位置,始终把支持预备役部队建设当成自己分内的事情,在关心、支持部队建设上倾注了大量心血,做了大量卓有成效的工作,充分体现了一名共产党员的国防意识和全局观念。     

CrTiAlN复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能与机理

采用多弧离子镀技术,利用Cr靶和TiAl靶,在活塞环材料65Mn钢基体上了制备CrTiAlN复合涂层,并对电镀Cr、CrN和CrTiAlN复合涂层在900℃下的高温氧化性能进行了比较,利用扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射观察和分析了样品表面氧化膜的性能,得到了CrTiAlN复合涂层的氧化机理。试验结果表明：CrTiAlN复合涂层在900℃时具有良好的抗高温氧化性能。     

Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures, the effect of speed (up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments), and during travel over different types of terrain (comprising concrete road, gravel track and rough cross-country). Measurements were made at various crew positions (including the driver and commander) in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles. Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat. Two speeds were investigated over road (35 km/h and 55–60 km/h) and gravel (20 km/h and 35 km/h) surfaces. The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated. The highest sound pressure level (L_Aeq) of 104 dB(A) was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h. Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat. A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s² r.m.s. was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h. Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road. Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.     

Influence of porosity distribution on nonlinear free vibration and transient responses of porous functionally graded skew plates

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of porosity distributions on nonlinear free vibration and transient analysis of porous functionally graded skew (PFGS) plates. The effective material properties of the PFGS plates are obtained from the modified power-law equations in which gradation varies through the thickness of the PFGS plate. A nonlinear finite element (FE) formulation for the overall PFGS plate is derived by adopting first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear strain displacement relations. The governing equations of the PFGS plate are derived using the principle of virtual work. The direct iterative method and Newmark’s integration technique are espoused to solve nonlinear mathematical relations. The influences of the porosity distributions and porosity parameter indices on the nonlinear frequency responses of the PFGS plate for different skew angles are studied in various parameters. The effects of volume fraction grading index and skew angle on the plate’s nonlinear dynamic responses for various porosity distributions are illustrated in detail.     

Critical interfaces in body armour systems

The ballistic performance, and behaviour, of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables, geometrical and material. Of these, the consistency of performance, especially against small arms ammunition, will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent materials. In a body armour system for example, fibre diameter, areal density of woven fabric, and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control procedures. What is often overlooked, because it can fall into the User’s domain, are the interfaces that exist between the various products; the carrier, the Soft Armour Insert (SAI), and the one or two hard armour plates (HAP1 and HAP2). This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.There are between 30 and 150 individual layers within a typical body armour system, and each of the interfaces between each of those layers will, in some way or another, contribute to the ballistic performance of the system. For example, consider the following interfaces/interlayers: (i) the frictional, sliding, inter-ply surfaces within a soft armour pack, and also between the pack and the carrier, (ii) the air-gaps that may develop within the soft armour pack, (iii) the interconnecting space between the soft armour pack and the hard armour plate, (iv) the nature of the interfaces between adjacent plies of a multiplied backing laminate, even in a highly compressed Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) variant, (v) the interlayer between the ceramic and its substrate, within a HAP, and (vi) the geometrical fit between two hard armour plates within a stacked body armour system. This paper will provide a User-friendly overview of all such interfaces and provide unique guidance as to their criticality and influence.