未来十年的防御技术

防御系统发展的新趋势是建立战场环境的一种新的处理模式:今后使用能探测和处理一系列所得信号的高集成系统,可对敌人的威胁作出更快、更准确的反应。 新材料和材料处理技术是这类设想的系统的基础。到目前为止仍被看作是相互竞争的技术将被组合在同一设备子系统里。例如,在一衬底上集成硅和砷化镓（GaAs）,将光学和电子信号处理综合在一片组件里。有一种设想是组成一种小型的、高性能多处理机来执行重要     

全欧数字式移动无线电系统的六种中比特速率编码器的评估

自1982年以来,在欧洲邮政与电信管理联合会(CEPT)的移动通信专家组(GSM)协调下,一种数字式蜂窝状移动无线电系统在欧洲已经在研制之中。在最近的一次协调实验中,已完成了对此系统的六种待选的16kbit/s 语声编码方案输出的试听评价测试。实验包含一个规则脉冲激励编码器,一个多脉冲激励编码器,和四个子带编码器。由 CSELT(意大利)主持了一次实验性会议,在七个不同的实验室里完成其主观测试。为了比较的目的,实验中包含了对正在使用的一种蜂窝式压扩 FM 系统的测试。这六种编译码器 Codec 在主观质量,传输延迟,和实现的难易程度方面进行了比较。在这方面的对比中,没有哪个 Codec 在各方面都好。总之,规则脉冲激励的线性编测预码器(RPE-LPC)能提供最好的语声质量,它有允许的复杂性和延迟,因而被选出供进一步改进。最后,这种 Codec 的一种改进形式,即带有长期预测的规则脉冲激励 LPC(RPE—LPC)编码器被选用于欧洲数字移动系统。     

Evaluation of effectiveness of polymer coatings in reducing blast-induced deformation of steel plates

Incorporating elastomers such as polymers in protective structures to withstand high energetic dynamic loads, has gained significant interest. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of a Polyurea coating towards the blast-induced response in steel plates. As such, Polyurea coated steel plates were tested under near-field blast loads, produced by the detonation of 1 kg of spherical nitromethane charges, at a standoff distance of 150 mm. Mild steel (XLERPLATE 350) and high-strength steel (BIS80) plates with thicknesses of 10 mm were Polyurea coated with thicknesses of 6 mm and 12 mm on either the front (facing the charge) or the back face. The deformation profiles were measured using 3D scanning. Numerical simulations were performed using the non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA. The strain-dependent behaviour of the steel and Polyurea were represented by Johnson-cook and Money-Rivlin constitutive models, respectively. The numerical models were validated by comparing the plate deflection results obtained from the experiments and were then used in the subsequent parametric study to investigate the optimum thickness of the Polyurea coating. The results indicate that back face coating contributes towards an approximately 20% reduction in the residual deformation as well as the absence of melting of the Polyurea layer, while the front-face coating can be used a means of providing additional standoff distance to the steel plates.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of interface properties of Ti6Al4V/CP-Ti/Copper composite plate prepared by explosive welding

Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries. This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods. Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process. In this paper, the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer. Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope. Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices. Moreover, the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of Cu–Ti, i.e. CuTi, Cu₂Ti, CuTi₂, Cu₄Ti, etc. To study the mechanical properties of composite plates, mechanical tests were conducted, including the tensile test, bending test, shear test and Vickers hardness test. Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method, Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The multi-physics process of explosive welding, including detonation, jetting and interface morphology, was observed with simulation. Moreover, simulated plastic strain, temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions. Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates. At the collision point, both alloys behave like fluids, resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Impact of atmospheric turbulence on coherent beam combining for laser weapon systems

The performance of a laser weapon system based on coherent beam combining (CBC) depends on its propagation properties in the atmosphere. In this study, an analytical model based on partial coherent beam combining (PCBC) for assumed coherence coefficients between beams in a CBC lattice was developed. The Kolmogorov model of atmospheric turbulence and the Hufnagel-Valley model of Cn2 dependence on atmospheric parameters were implemented. Novel simplified metrics were proposed to assess the CBC performance. Several beam profiles (super-Gaussian, truncated Gaussian, etc.) and ge-ometries were analyzed in terms of maximal intensity in the far field. An approximate formula for PCBC efficiency dependent on the Fried radius was proposed. The results of CBC modeling were compared to those of the Gaussian beam propagation model in a turbulent atmosphere. The dependence of CBC performance on the Cn2 parameter, range, and elevation angle was analyzed. It could be concluded that the application of CBC for medium and long range propagation is impractical without an effective adaptive optics system.     

Damage to aircraft composite structures caused by directed energy system: A literature review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies on direct energy system effect on aircraft composite structures to develop a good understanding of state-of-the-art research and devel-opment in this area. The review begins with the application of composite materials in the aircraft structures and highlights their particular areas of application and limitations. An overview of directed energy system is given. Some of the commonly used systems in this category are discussed and the working principles of laser energy systems are described. The experimental and numerical studies re-ported regarding the aircraft composite structures subject to the effect of directed energy systems, especially the laser systems are reviewed in detail. In particularly, the general effects of laser systems and the relevant damage mechanisms against the composite structures are reported. The review draws attention to the recent research and findings in this field and is expected to guide engineers/researchers in future theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies.     

今天和明天的潜艇作战系统

今天典型的作战系统综合了潜艇上所有的传感器系统和武器系统。主要传感器设备通常由许多声呐系统构成,包括中频被动声呐、低频被动声纳和被动测距声呐。除声呐系统外,综合到作战系统的还有两个潜望镜、ESM接收机、各种电罗经和计程仪以及无线电导航辅助的导航系统和导航雷达。 目前潜艇上的主要武器是线导鱼雷,某些艇上还载有导弹。作战系统的典型功能包括传感器综合、决策/咨询支持以及武器使用。     

美高度关注中国高超音速武器研发

美国五角大楼称,中国军队上周首次试射了一种新型高超音速滑翔飞行器,该飞行器能够携带弹头突破美国导弹防御系统。此次试射表明,中国的战略核和常规武器建设取得了重大进展。美国军方发言人则表示,     

三封来信促整改 凝心聚力结硕果

正六月的树,葱葱郁郁,闪着绿色的光芒;六月的花,生机勃勃,浸润盛夏的希望;六月的风,柔和温馨,吹来沃野的清香;六月的雨,缠绵多情,挥洒丰收的印象。6月9日,记者迎着一阵阵扑面而来的热浪,来到距离博乐市以东40公里的五师八十一团。树木茂盛,鲜花盛开,芳草碧绿,俨然一帧花红叶茂的水墨长卷绵延于六月的天地之间。在八十一团广场的树荫下,职工李翠兰等人正在休息乘凉,当记者上前问及"三封信"时,他们皆点头示意了解此事。     

使用低分辨率雷达和神经网络进行舰船目标识别

本文研究使用低分辩率下靶区雷达包络线、预处理和神经网络工具进行舰船目标分类的方法。文中使用改进的傅里叶离散梅林变换来提取对雷达姿态角变化不太敏感的某些特征。使用Kohonen的学习矢量量化(LVQ)自组织映射对这些特征矢量进行分类。文中也研究了使用反向传播算法进行训练的前馈网络在目标分类中的应用,并将这一分类系统用于模拟和真实两种数据。对于目标姿态角误差不超过30度的真实数据,分类的正确率高达90％。