Vapor-phase decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarin surrogate,in presence of metal oxides

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are stockpiled in large quantities across the globe. Agents stored in inaccessible facilities need to be destroyed rapidly without dispersing the compounds to surrounding areas. Metal-based energetic formulations are used in such prompt defeat applications to rapidly decompose the CWA by generating a high temperature environment. An alternate, and possibly a more effective decomposition pathway could be provided by chemicidal action of aerosolized condensed combustion products, which typically consist of metal oxides. Toxic fumes that escape the high tem-perature blast zone can be neutralized by smoke generated during combustion, depending on the par-ticle size, surface characteristics, chemical properties, and concentration of this smoke. This review considers relevant experimental and modeling studies quantifying decomposition of CWA comprising organophosphorus compounds and their surrogates on the surface of various metal oxides. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarine surrogate, was used most commonly for such experiments. Many reported efforts focused on the mechanisms of adsorption of DMMP to various metal oxides and initial reaction steps cleaving various bonds from the chemisorbed molecules. For selected oxides, these ex-periments were supported by quantum-mechanical calculations. In other studies, the capacity of oxide surfaces to adsorb and decompose DMMP was quantified. In most cases, porous catalysts were used although limited experimental data are available for aerosolized nonporous oxide particles. The reported experimental data applicable to scenarios involving prompt decomposition of CWA are summarized. It is noted that information is lacking describing respective heterogeneous reaction kinetics. Preliminary estimates of aerosolized smoke particle concentrations required to destroy CWA are made considering gas phase diffusion rates and reported values of the oxide capacity to decompose CWA or their surrogates.     

美国陆军第10山地师在阿富汗进行城市战训练

10月10日,阿富汗巴格达姆空军基地,美国陆军第10山地师正在使用一处新的城市战训练场施训。该训练场旨在模拟阿富汗居民区真实场景,以帮助美军训练在阿富汗城市地区的作战行动。     

Experimental and numerical analysis on suitability of S-Glass-Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for submarine hull

Suitability of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite for submarine hull subjected to hydrostatic pressure has been investigated in the present study. Metallic materials have raised concerns owing to their decomposition due to low resistance towards salinity and hence polymer composites have been explored to showcase their mechanical stability to withstand transverse and impact loads. To this end, the mechanical properties of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite were expe...     

Drop weight impact analysis of GFRP tubes with hollow glass particle-filled matrix

Protecting occupants or payloads in crashes and blasts is of utmost importance in both moving and immobile structures. One way of achieving this is by using a sacrificial energy absorber. Composite tubes have been studied as potential energy absorbers due to their ability to fail progressively under axial compression. In this study, the energy absorption capability of these tubes is enhanced by adding hollow glass particles to the matrix. Drop-weight tests are performed on composite tubes, and a...     

利用传感器阵输出进行多目标角度跟踪

我们研究利用传感器阵输出进行跟踪多个目标的信号到达方位问题。为了估计与不同对象直接相关的角度,避免使用数据相关方法而开发了这种算法。仿真结果表明,所提供的方法在实际中工作良好。     

使用位置量测值乘积的多目标跟踪(一)

本文主要介绍用于多目标跟踪(MTT)中航迹保持的对称量测方程(SME)滤波器的继续研究。与其他的MTT方法比较起来,在SME滤波器中,为了进行目标状态估计,没有必要考虑目标/量测互联,这将导致MTT问题计算复杂性的实质性的简化。本文集中在由原始位置量测值的积构成的和产生SME的情况。对于其运动包括围绕等速轨迹随机扰动的N个目标情况研制了SME滤波器。假设x坐标位置的量测值是可得到的,并假定量测数等于目标个数。研究了SME滤波器的各种解析特征,尤其是证明了:在极不充分的条件下,估计误差方程是局部指数稳定的。通过把SME滤波器与最佳(最小方差)估计器比较和在六个目标情况下进行的计算机模拟研究了SME滤波器的性能。     

神经网络模型对传感器数据融合的应用

本文描述科霍内(Kohonen)特征映射神经网络模型对于战术和传感器数据融合的应用。用来自现代海军环境的例子评述由数据融合提出的问题。强调了用于海军作战自动监视和支持的目标和任务识别。作为基于神经网络的系统的可应用领域评述了科霍内特征映射模型,研究了它在实际应用中的限制,讨论了如何解决这些问题。描述了使用科霍内特征映射作为基本单元的两个不同的模块化神经网络体系结构和它们应用于数据融合的比较。     

用神经网络估计红外目标运动

本文介绍使用经神网络由图象序列估计光流的方法。 在基于局部刚性、平移运动和平滑约束条件下,设计一个神经网络估计光流。 本文介绍使用真实红外图象试验结果,以验证本方法与霍恩(Horn)和申克(Schunck)算法比较的效率。     

四轴超精密车床的改进坐标驱动装置

带微进给方式步进电机的PC控制轴系驱动装置可生产光学质量的表面。超精密车床可生产诸如球体和非球体之类的集合体,其表面粗糙度≤5nmRa,可用于光学装置的反光镜或空气轴承转轴的超精密零件。     

用于微机器人的线切割加工的平行弹性平台

本文给出了具有四个圆形柔性铰链的平行弹性平台的研究结果,并运用材料力学和有限元分析进行了理论仿真,利用线切割加工工艺制造了几个整体式的平台。颈缩截面的厚度为20—100um。对这些结构的刚度进行了精密测量并与理论值进行了比较。这使得能够定性的分析在电加工中产生的在微米级范围内不能忽略的粗糙度和其它表面变形的影响。通过这些实验得到的结果对其它具有几个自由度的复杂柔性机构非常有用。