一个新的组合恒等式及其证明

本文以定理的形式提出一个新的组合恒等式。它是在恒虚警算法研究和性能分析中经常遇到的恒等式。对此,文中给出详细的证明。在证明过程中,我们还提出了有关该定理在实际中可以直接应用的3个引理和2个推论。     

军事差距不是中美之间的决定性因素

虽然这些观察都是基于事实．但却没有触及事物的本质。事实上,正如战略理论“教父”克劳塞维茨所言。实力稍逊一筹的一方能够通过三种方式战胜强大的对手。     

美海军推出直升机部队重组计划

为进一步增强舰载直升机部队的战斗力,美国海军最近制订了重组其舰载直升机队伍的计划。这份由美海军作战部长办公室起草并计划在未来12年内付诸实施的名为“直升机部队发展总计划”(HelicopterMasterPlan)的方案目标是将其舰载直升机中队的数量从目前的25个增加到31个,但舰载直升机中队的类型却从现有的三种减少到两种。根据“直升机部队发展总计划”的要求,美海军直升机部队兵力结构将实行完全重组,新组建直升机海上战斗中队HSC,主要担负诸如后勤保障、扫雷以及作战搜寻和救援等任务。新组建直升机海上打击中队HSM其首要任务是发动反…     

皇帝的新衣美军快速决定性作战理论

美军正在向信息化军队转型。但建设未来军队离不开作战理论的牵引。1999年10月,美国成立了联合部队司令部,其职责之一就是制定联合部队的作战概念,解决最具挑战性的作战理论问题。成立后不久。联合部队司令部就从《2010年联合构想》、《未来联合作战概念》、《2020年联合构想》和2000年4月的《防务计划指南》等文献中总结出了“快速决定性作战”的新概念。新概念一经发布。立即以“立意高远、视角独特”而倍受关注,并被某些理论界人士吹捧为“指导美军21世纪作战的理论”。但究其内容却乏术可陈,就像是安徒生童话中的“皇帝新衣”。     

Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures, the effect of speed (up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments), and during travel over different types of terrain (comprising concrete road, gravel track and rough cross-country). Measurements were made at various crew positions (including the driver and commander) in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles. Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat. Two speeds were investigated over road (35 km/h and 55–60 km/h) and gravel (20 km/h and 35 km/h) surfaces. The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated. The highest sound pressure level (L_Aeq) of 104 dB(A) was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h. Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat. A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s² r.m.s. was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h. Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road. Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.     

Influence of porosity distribution on nonlinear free vibration and transient responses of porous functionally graded skew plates

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of porosity distributions on nonlinear free vibration and transient analysis of porous functionally graded skew (PFGS) plates. The effective material properties of the PFGS plates are obtained from the modified power-law equations in which gradation varies through the thickness of the PFGS plate. A nonlinear finite element (FE) formulation for the overall PFGS plate is derived by adopting first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear strain displacement relations. The governing equations of the PFGS plate are derived using the principle of virtual work. The direct iterative method and Newmark’s integration technique are espoused to solve nonlinear mathematical relations. The influences of the porosity distributions and porosity parameter indices on the nonlinear frequency responses of the PFGS plate for different skew angles are studied in various parameters. The effects of volume fraction grading index and skew angle on the plate’s nonlinear dynamic responses for various porosity distributions are illustrated in detail.     

Critical interfaces in body armour systems

The ballistic performance, and behaviour, of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables, geometrical and material. Of these, the consistency of performance, especially against small arms ammunition, will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent materials. In a body armour system for example, fibre diameter, areal density of woven fabric, and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control procedures. What is often overlooked, because it can fall into the User’s domain, are the interfaces that exist between the various products; the carrier, the Soft Armour Insert (SAI), and the one or two hard armour plates (HAP1 and HAP2). This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.There are between 30 and 150 individual layers within a typical body armour system, and each of the interfaces between each of those layers will, in some way or another, contribute to the ballistic performance of the system. For example, consider the following interfaces/interlayers: (i) the frictional, sliding, inter-ply surfaces within a soft armour pack, and also between the pack and the carrier, (ii) the air-gaps that may develop within the soft armour pack, (iii) the interconnecting space between the soft armour pack and the hard armour plate, (iv) the nature of the interfaces between adjacent plies of a multiplied backing laminate, even in a highly compressed Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) variant, (v) the interlayer between the ceramic and its substrate, within a HAP, and (vi) the geometrical fit between two hard armour plates within a stacked body armour system. This paper will provide a User-friendly overview of all such interfaces and provide unique guidance as to their criticality and influence.     

俄海军面临第五次复兴

第二次世界大战后,苏联经过40多年的发展,形成了一只可以和美国在全球争霸的远洋作战海军。苏联解体后．由于俄罗斯经济长期萧条．俄罗斯海军也面临着前所未有的严峻局面。1989年苏联的造船工业共为其海军制造了78艘潜艇、作战舰艇及勤务舰船,而1995、1996、1997年俄罗斯海军分别只有11、8、6艘新造舰艇服役,到了1999年则只有4艘。     

Mechanical stress and deformation analyses of pressurized cylindrical shells based on a higher-order modeling

In this research, mechanical stress, static strain and deformation analyses of a cylindrical pressure vessel subjected to mechanical loads are presented. The kinematic relations are developed based on higherorder sinusoidal shear deformation theory. Thickness stretching formulation is accounted for more accurate analysis. The total transverse deflection is divided into bending, shear and thickness stretching parts in which the third term is responsible for change of deflection along the thicknes...