战略防御仿真器性能评估

SD-PA是一个对集成模式的多层防御系统的各个阶段的闭环SDI 系统的有效性仿真。它是可变且有效的。因此它允许分析者对结构概念中的各部分进行折衷考虑并对大量的参数进行灵敏性研究。SDS-PA程序用主动搜索的方法确定SDI各部分之间的相互影响,这些部分指特定的战略威胁包括没有用任何人为的方法将作战过程分为助推段、后助推段、中段以及末段的防御抑制。SDI的每一部分（传感器和武器）都独立建模,使用者将威胁部分集中到一个特定数目的目标群,称为威胁管道,每个管道可以包括使用者指定的一定数目的导弹,这些导弹的状态每隔一定的时间进行采样,采样间隔或由使用者确定或由理想的分辨能力决定。使用胁胁管道保留了基本的几何关系和时间基准的灵敏性,而且不必对每个目标的弹道进行仿真。在要求分辨率很高的范围内,可以将每个威胁管道的目标群集中到一个助推器来运载。     

一个新的组合恒等式及其证明

本文以定理的形式提出一个新的组合恒等式。它是在恒虚警算法研究和性能分析中经常遇到的恒等式。对此,文中给出详细的证明。在证明过程中,我们还提出了有关该定理在实际中可以直接应用的3个引理和2个推论。     

美海军推出直升机部队重组计划

为进一步增强舰载直升机部队的战斗力,美国海军最近制订了重组其舰载直升机队伍的计划。这份由美海军作战部长办公室起草并计划在未来12年内付诸实施的名为“直升机部队发展总计划”(HelicopterMasterPlan)的方案目标是将其舰载直升机中队的数量从目前的25个增加到31个,但舰载直升机中队的类型却从现有的三种减少到两种。根据“直升机部队发展总计划”的要求,美海军直升机部队兵力结构将实行完全重组,新组建直升机海上战斗中队HSC,主要担负诸如后勤保障、扫雷以及作战搜寻和救援等任务。新组建直升机海上打击中队HSM其首要任务是发动反…     

非物质性激励

一、信任激励。信任是对人最大的激励。对部属而言,没有比得到领导的信任更让自己感到欣慰和鼓舞的了。领导对部属的信任所产生的激励作用也是其他任何方式所不能替代的。一般说来,领导在正常情况下信任部属不难做到,问题是在一些特殊情况下,有些领导就可能会犹豫、会不那么坚定了。然而,恰恰此时领导对部属的充分信任更有意义、更难能可贵。一是对单位的新成员敢于充分信任;二是对出现失误的部属仍然不失信任;三是当部属与自己意见相左时照样给予信任;四是当部属遭遇风言风语时依然给予信任。如果领导在特殊情况下能把信任的杠杆使用到位,…     

Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures, the effect of speed (up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments), and during travel over different types of terrain (comprising concrete road, gravel track and rough cross-country). Measurements were made at various crew positions (including the driver and commander) in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles. Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat. Two speeds were investigated over road (35 km/h and 55–60 km/h) and gravel (20 km/h and 35 km/h) surfaces. The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated. The highest sound pressure level (L_Aeq) of 104 dB(A) was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h. Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat. A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s² r.m.s. was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h. Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road. Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.     

Influence of porosity distribution on nonlinear free vibration and transient responses of porous functionally graded skew plates

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of porosity distributions on nonlinear free vibration and transient analysis of porous functionally graded skew (PFGS) plates. The effective material properties of the PFGS plates are obtained from the modified power-law equations in which gradation varies through the thickness of the PFGS plate. A nonlinear finite element (FE) formulation for the overall PFGS plate is derived by adopting first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear strain displacement relations. The governing equations of the PFGS plate are derived using the principle of virtual work. The direct iterative method and Newmark’s integration technique are espoused to solve nonlinear mathematical relations. The influences of the porosity distributions and porosity parameter indices on the nonlinear frequency responses of the PFGS plate for different skew angles are studied in various parameters. The effects of volume fraction grading index and skew angle on the plate’s nonlinear dynamic responses for various porosity distributions are illustrated in detail.     

Critical interfaces in body armour systems

The ballistic performance, and behaviour, of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables, geometrical and material. Of these, the consistency of performance, especially against small arms ammunition, will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent materials. In a body armour system for example, fibre diameter, areal density of woven fabric, and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control procedures. What is often overlooked, because it can fall into the User’s domain, are the interfaces that exist between the various products; the carrier, the Soft Armour Insert (SAI), and the one or two hard armour plates (HAP1 and HAP2). This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.There are between 30 and 150 individual layers within a typical body armour system, and each of the interfaces between each of those layers will, in some way or another, contribute to the ballistic performance of the system. For example, consider the following interfaces/interlayers: (i) the frictional, sliding, inter-ply surfaces within a soft armour pack, and also between the pack and the carrier, (ii) the air-gaps that may develop within the soft armour pack, (iii) the interconnecting space between the soft armour pack and the hard armour plate, (iv) the nature of the interfaces between adjacent plies of a multiplied backing laminate, even in a highly compressed Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) variant, (v) the interlayer between the ceramic and its substrate, within a HAP, and (vi) the geometrical fit between two hard armour plates within a stacked body armour system. This paper will provide a User-friendly overview of all such interfaces and provide unique guidance as to their criticality and influence.     

俄海军面临第五次复兴

第二次世界大战后,苏联经过40多年的发展,形成了一只可以和美国在全球争霸的远洋作战海军。苏联解体后．由于俄罗斯经济长期萧条．俄罗斯海军也面临着前所未有的严峻局面。1989年苏联的造船工业共为其海军制造了78艘潜艇、作战舰艇及勤务舰船,而1995、1996、1997年俄罗斯海军分别只有11、8、6艘新造舰艇服役,到了1999年则只有4艘。     

基于船用堆严重事故下环境中早期剂量后果的重要核素分析

为评价船用堆发生严重核事故后环境中早期剂量后果,首先对事故源项在环境中的迁移进行了预测;然后,用严重事故计算程序MELCOR仿真计算出大破口失水事故、全船断电事故源项,最后用大气扩散计算软件MACCS计算了两种事故下环境中的总释放核素和单一核素造成的早期剂量后果,以及每种核素对事故早期剂量后果的贡献。计算结果表明:18种核素可包络大破口失水事故、全船断电事故99%以上的剂量贡献。