The effects of customer rebates and retailer incentives on a manufacturer's profits and sales

In some industries such as automotive, production costs are largely fixed and therefore maximizing revenue is the main objective. Manufacturers use promotions directed to the end customers and/or retailers in their distribution channels to increase sales and market share. We study a game theoretical model to examine the impact of “retailer incentive” and “customer rebate” promotions on the manufacturer's pricing and the retailer's ordering/sales decisions. The main tradeoff is that customer rebates are given to every customer, while the use of retailer incentives is controlled by the retailer. We consider several models with different demand characteristics and information asymmetry between the manufacturer and a price discriminating retailer, and we determine which promotion would benefit the manufacturer under which market conditions. When demand is deterministic, we find that retailer incentives increase the manufacturer's profits (and sales) while customer rebates do not unless they lead to market expansion. When the uncertainty in demand (“market potential”) is high, a customer rebate can be more profitable than the retailer incentive for the manufacturer. With numerical examples, we provide additional insights on the profit gains by the right choice of promotion.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

某型导弹装备使用保障能力评估

导弹装备是一种高可靠性,单一使用的冷储备系统,其先进的战术技术性能必须在有效协调使用保障的基础上才能充分发挥出来。在对某型导弹装备使用保障工作分析的基础上,提出了基于该导弹装备品质的使用保障能力评估指标体系,运用模糊理论建立了多级模糊层次综合评判模型,给出了导弹装备使用保障能力的量化评估方法,并进行了实例计算,结果可为该装备使用保障工作的进一步优化提供参考和依据。     

一种用于编队协同的Ad Hoc网络MAC协议

结合无人机编队和卫星编队自组织分布协同应用场景,基于IEEE 802.11无线MAC协议,给出了MAC协议优化算法:S-DCF算法和最小竞争窗口调整算法。每个站点通过S-DCF算法估算当前网络中竞争站点的数目,然后根据最小竞争窗口调整公式调整最小竞争窗口。仿真结果表明,系统吞吐量得到明显提高,时延明显减小。该优化算法对提高和完善编队协同网络的通信性能具有一定意义。     

捷联惯导初始对准中H_∞滤波器参数优化研究

对H∞滤波在捷联导航系统初始对准中的应用进行了研究。通过仿真和实验验证了滤波器在初始对准中的性能,并对如何设置参数进行了研究。结果表明,H∞滤波在参数选取合适的情况下方位角收敛速度比卡尔曼滤波快。当参数选取不合适的时候,H∞滤波会发散。虽然H∞滤波可能提高方位角收敛速度,但它自身的鲁棒性可能被削弱。因此,在实际系统中,必须选取合适的参数以保证滤波器的稳定性和初始对准的速度。实际使用过程中,先把参数设置为一个很小的值,再逐步调大以寻找临界值来获得最优的性能。     

Fully sequential indifference‐zone selection procedures with variance‐dependent sampling

Fully sequential indifference‐zone selection procedures have been proposed in the simulation literature to select the system with the best mean performance from a group of simulated systems. However, the existing sequential indifference‐zone procedures allocate an equal number of samples to the two systems in comparison even if their variances are drastically different. In this paper we propose new fully sequential indifference‐zone procedures that allocate samples according to the variances. We show that the procedures work better than several existing sequential indifference‐zone procedures when variances of the systems are different. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

双基地雷达抗干扰模型的研究

从双基地雷达方程和实施压制性噪声干扰前后所带来的热噪声的变化出发,给出了双基地雷达探测区和干扰暴露区的计算模型,分析计算了在自卫式干扰和远距离支援干扰条件下的双基地雷达抗有源压制性干扰性能,并与单基地雷达情况进行了比较,说明收发分置的双基地体制雷达具有较强的抗干扰能力。给出了仿真算例,结果验证了这种观点。     

轻型机械化部队装备发展研究

全面分析了轻型机械化部队装备发展事关我军战略转变成败的大局, 事关我军机械化和信息化双重历史任务的实现,事关陆军在未来军队建设和维护国家安全中的地位和作用。重点阐释了轻型机械化部队装备发展的指导原则、基本思路和把握的关键问题。     

基于WER的指挥信息系统功能需求指标体系构建方法

合理确定系统的功能需求是建设指挥信息系统的重要前提,而科学构建功能需求指标体系是确定功能需求的重要内容。由于受经验、环境、能力多方面的影响,指挥信息系统功能需求的确定过程中常常包含着许多定性的、随机的和模糊的因素,影响到了指标体系的有效性和稳定性。提出的基于WER的指标体系构建方法,综合运用定性和定量方法,通过权重估计(Weight estimate)、效度判断(Effect estimate)和可靠性判断(Reliability coefficient estimate),较好地解决了指挥信息系统功能需求指标体系构建中全面性、代表性、有效性和稳定性的问题。