A. N. Refenes  C. Kollias  A. Zapranis 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(1):27-41

Greece has regularly ranked as the country with the highest defence burden in NATO and the European Union. Over the past decades she has allocated an averatge 6% of GDP to defence yearly. This study using neural networks examines the external security determinants of Greek military expenditure in the context of the ongoing Greek‐Turkish conflict.  相似文献   

    

Jane Esberg  Scott D. Sagan 《The Nonproliferation Review》2013,20(1):95-108

In nuclear nonproliferation negotiations, many governments pursue multiple objectives, and changes in policy can occur rapidly—and often unexpectedly. For these reasons, understanding nonproliferation requires empathy and imagination rather than just historical fact. This article considers one teaching tool to encourage such insight—simulations—and demonstrates how teaching and scholarship can interact to improve our understanding of the complex decisions and negotiations involved in nuclear nonproliferation. The article consists of five parts: first, it explains the benefits of simulations as both a policy development tool in Washington and as a teaching tool in universities; second, it describes the pedagogical strategy of the Stanford University simulation program; third, it shows how the simulations have identified and highlighted theoretical and substantive insights that are often neglected in scholarly studies of nonproliferation; and fourth, it describes how students are tested to enhance the learning experience from the simulation. Fifth and finally, the article provides concluding observations about how using simulations in the classroom can help scholars develop insights that improve their understanding of real-world nuclear negotiation dynamics and outcomes.  相似文献   

    

Jennifer Hunt Morstein  Wayne D. Perry 《The Nonproliferation Review》2013,20(3):75-91

  相似文献   

    

Erin D. Dumbacher 《The Nonproliferation Review》2013,20(3-4):203-222

ABSTRACT

An arms race in cyberspace is underway. US and Western government efforts to control this process have largely been limited to deterrence and norm development. This article examines an alternative policy option: arms control. To gauge whether arms-control models offer useful lessons for addressing cyber capabilities, this article compiles a new dataset of predominantly twentieth-century arms-control agreements. It also evaluates two case studies of negotiated agreements that regulate dual-use technologies, the 1928 Geneva Protocol prohibiting chemical- and biological-weapon use and the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. The analysis underscores the limits of norm development for emerging technologies with both civilian and military applications. It finds lessons for developing verifiable, international cooperation mechanisms for cyberwarfare in the regulatory model of international aviation. Conventionally, arms-control agreements take advantage of transparent tests or estimates of arms. To restrict cyberwarfare activities, experts and policy makers must adapt arms-control models to a difficult-to-measure technology at an advanced stage of development and use. Further investigation of international regulatory schemes for dual-use technology of similar diffusion and development to the internet, such as international civil aviation, is needed.  相似文献   

    

T. C. Hu 《海军后勤学研究》1966,13(1):1-9

An algorithm is given for solving minimum-cost flow problems where the shipping cost over an arc is a convex function of the number of units shipped along that arc. This provides a unified way of looking at many seemingly unrelated problems in different areas. In particular, it is shown how problems associated with electrical networks, with increasing the capacity of a network under a fixed budget, with Laplace equations, and with the Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem may all be formulated into minimum-cost flow problems in convex-cost networks.  相似文献   

    

J. L. Midler  R. D. Wollmer 《海军后勤学研究》1969,16(3):315-330

  相似文献   

    

Robert C. Rue  Matthew Rosenshine 《海军后勤学研究》1981,28(3):489-495

A method is developed for determining the optimal policy for entry of customers from many independent classes of Poisson arrivals to a first-come, first-serve (for customers admitted to the queue) single-server queue with exponential service times. The solution technique utilizes a semi-Markov formulation or the decision problem.  相似文献   

    

Paul A. Rubin  W. C. Benton 《海军后勤学研究》1993,40(2):255-278

In this article we investigate situations where the buyer is offered discounted price schedules from alternative vendors. Given various discount schedules, the buyer must make the best buying decision under a variety of constraints, such as limited storage space and restricted inventory budgets. Solutions to this problem can be utilized by the buyer to improve profitability. EOQ models for multiple products with all-units discounts are readily solvable in the absence of constraints spanning the products. However, constrained discounted EOQ models lack convenient mathematical properties. Relaxing the product-spanning constraints produces a dual problem that is separable, but lack of convexity and smoothness opens the door for duality gaps. In this research we present a set of algorithms that collectively find the optimal order vector. Finally, we present numerical examples using actual data. to illustrate the application of the algorithms. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

    

Mary C. FitzGerald 《Defense & Security Analysis》1991,7(2):129-131

  相似文献   

    

William E. Stein  Ronald Dattero  Roger C. Pfaffenberger 《海军后勤学研究》1984,31(4):647-651

Let {Xⁱ} be independent HNBUE (Harmonic New Better Than Used in Expectation) random variables and let {Yⁱ} be independent exponential random variables such that E{Xⁱ}=E{Yⁱ} It is shown that documentclass{article}pagestyle{empty}begin{document}$ Eleft[{uleft({mathop {min ,X_i}limits_{l le i le n}} right)} right] ge Eleft[{uleft({mathop {min ,Y_i}limits_{l le i le n}} right)} right] $end{document} for all increasing and concave u. This generalizes a result of Kubat. When comparing two series systems with components of equal cost, one with lifetimes {Xⁱ} and the other with lifetimes {Yⁱ}, it is shown that a risk-averse decision-maker will prefer the HNBUE system. Similar results are obtained for parallel systems.  相似文献