Driving force coordinated control of an 8 ×8 in-wheel motor drive vehicle with tire-road friction coefficient identification

Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electric drive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and stability of the vehicle,it is crucial to control it and coordinate the driving force.With this aim,this paper presents a driving force coordination control strategy with road identification for eight-wheeled electric vehicles equipped with an in-wheel motor for each wheel.In the proposed control strategy,the road identification module estimates tire-road forces using an unscented Kalman filter al-gorithm and recognizes the road adhesion coefficient by employing the recursive least-square method.According to road identification,the optimal slip ratio under the current driving condition is obtained,and a controller based on sliding mode control with a conditional integrator uses this value for accel-eration slip regulation.The anti-slip controller obtains the adjusting torque,which is integrated with the driver-command-based feedforward control torque to implement driving force coordination control.The results of hardware-in-loop simulation show that this control strategy can accurately estimate tire-road forces as well as the friction coefficient,and thus,can effectively fulfill the purpose of driving force coordinated control under different driving conditions.     

The investigation of NTO/HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives and its safety performance

3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is the main component of insensitive munitions (IM) formulation because of its outstanding insensitive properties.In this paper,a series of NTO/HMX-based composite explosives were prepared and characterized.The study focuses on the effect of NTO on the performance of the formulations,especially the safety performance.The results revealed that the mechanical sensi-tivity of formulations was associated with NTO content,as well as the thermal conductivity,specific heat capacity and Arrhenius parameters.Then,the high amount of NTO using in formulation was proved to be helpful for NTO/HMX-based formulation to exhibit good thermal safety.Besides,by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and a modified cook-offequipment,the pressure and pressure rise rate were proved as the important indicator for judging the thermal safety performance in confined spaces.Finally,the numerical simulation was used as a credible method for predicting the respond temperature of cook-off experiment.     

疏水性纳米TiO2制备及其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能

以纳米TiO2为原料、硬脂酸为表面改性剂,通过超声反应制备了疏水性纳米TiO2（SA-TiO2）;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪及接触角测量仪对其微结构进行了表征。以SA-TiO2为润滑油添加剂,在四球试验机上考察了其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能,并利用SEM观察钢球表面磨斑形貌,用能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了钢球表面磨斑的化学成分。结果表明：SA-TiO2为疏水性单分散球状颗粒,其平均直径约为20 nm;SA-TiO2能够提高菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能,当SA-TiO2的质量分数为1%,菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能达到最佳;钢球表面磨斑的EDS和XPS分析表明,纳米微粒在钢球摩擦表面形成了一层含菜籽油和SA-TiO2的吸附膜,在摩擦剪切作用下,发生摩擦化学反应生成了一层含钛、铁氧化物的边界润滑膜,这种边界润滑膜起到了良好的润滑作用。     

基于向量相似度的组合赋权方法

针对多属性决策中属性权重的确定问题,提出了一种基于向量相似度的主、客观权重的集成方法。用权向量的相似度作为不同赋权方法重要性的度量,意义明确,计算简单,可操作性强。最后结合算例验证了此方法的有效性和实用性。     

瞄准式战斗部瞄准策略研究

对不同的瞄准点,瞄准式战斗部对目标毁伤效果不同,为此提出了适用于瞄准式战斗部的瞄准策略,保证了对目标较高的毁伤概率和较好的毁伤效果,解决了起爆之前战斗部的定位问题。     

少数民族大学生学习拖延现状研究——以喀什师范学院为例

喀什师范学院是一所民汉合校,少数民族大学生和汉族大学生在总体学习拖延水平上有些许差异,在学习任务方面表现出较多的拖延行为;少数民族大学生总体学习拖延情况不严重,在性别方面不存在显著性差异,而在学科和年级方面存在显著性差异。对民族大学生的学习拖延应引起足够的重视,以便采取相应措施帮助民族大学生减少拖延行为,养成良好的学习习惯。     

Impact of reseller's and sales agent's forecasting accuracy in a multilayer supply chain

We consider a three‐layer supply chain with a manufacturer, a reseller, and a sales agent. The demand is stochastically determined by the random market condition and the sales agent's private effort level. Although the manufacturer is uninformed about the market condition, the reseller and the sales agent conduct demand forecasting and generate private demand signals. Under this framework with two levels of adverse selection intertwined with moral hazard, we study the impact of the reseller's and the sales agent's forecasting accuracy on the profitability of each member. We show that the manufacturer's profitability is convex on the reseller's forecasting accuracy. From the manufacturer's perspective, typically improving the reseller's accuracy is detrimental when the accuracy is low but is beneficial when it is high. We identify the concrete interrelation among the manufacturer‐optimal reseller's accuracy, the volatility of the market condition, and the sales agent's accuracy. Finally, the manufacturer's interest may be aligned with the reseller's when only the reseller can choose her accuracy; this alignment is never possible when both downstream players have the discretion to choose their accuracy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 207–222, 2014     

The burglar problem with multiple options

We consider the burglar problem in which a burglar can either retire or choose among different types of burglaries, with each type having its own success probability and reward distribution. Some general structural results are established and, in the case of exponentially distributed reward distributions, a solution technique is presented. The burglar problem's relationship to a stochastic knapsack problem with a random exponentially distributed knapsack capacity is shown. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 359–364, 2014     

Return policy: Hassle‐free or your money‐back guarantee?

This article compares the profitability of two pervasively adopted return policies—money‐back guarantee and hassle‐free policies. In our model, a seller sells to consumers with heterogeneous valuations and hassle costs. Products are subject to quality risk, and product misfit can only be observed post‐purchase. While the hassle‐free policy is cost advantageous from the seller's viewpoint, a money‐back guarantee allows the seller to fine‐tune the consumer hassle on returning the product. Thus, when the two return policies lead to the same consumer behaviors, the hassle‐free policy dominates. Conversely, a money‐back guarantee can be more profitable even if on average, high‐valuation consumers experience a lower hassle cost than the low‐valuation ones. The optimal hassle cost can be higher when product quality gets improved; thus, it is not necessarily a perfect proxy or signal of the seller's quality. We further allow the seller to adopt a mixture of these policies, and identify the concrete operating regimes within which these return policies are optimal among more flexible policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 403–417, 2014     

Strategic outsourcing under technology spillovers

We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM) compete in the finished goods market. The OEM can decide whether to outsource the intermediate good, a critical component for producing the finished good, from the CM or make in‐house production. Technology transition improves the CM's production efficiency, and it can take two different forms: a direct technology transfer from the OEM to the CM or technology spillovers through outsourcing from the OEM to the CM. We document the possibility of strategic outsourcing, that is, the CM supplies the intermediate good to the OEM when she is less efficient than the OEM's in‐house production. We find that technology spillovers can strengthen the incentive for strategic outsourcing. Furthermore, compared with direct technology transfers, outsourcing coupled with technology spillovers may generate more technology transition. Outsourcing is a particularly appropriate channel for implicit collusion when the OEM is not very efficient with the production of the intermediate good. Our results suggest that ex post competition on the finished goods can create room for ex ante collaboration and provide some implications on the OEM's outsourcing strategies when facing a competitive CM.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 501–514, 2014