Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.     

新型教学模式下教学路径探讨——基于本科教育“四个回归”

实现本科教育的“四个回归”,是新时代背景下高等本科教育教学改革应该完成的目标。要围绕学生的主体地位来建构新型教学模式下教学路径中的学生角色。学生刻苦学习是学生主体学习地位的基础,实行一定比例的淘汰制是学生刻苦学习的重要保证,助力实现“回归常识”。在教师主导课程学习的过程中,要以学生究竟能学到什么和事实上学到什么作为衡量教学效果的标准,助力实现“回归本分”。课程全过程评价方式是动态全方面的评价方式,改变了目的性极强的单一期末考试评价机制,打破了期末考试一考定成绩的传统做法,助力实现“回归初心”和“回归梦想”。     

Strategic dynamic sourcing from competing suppliers with transferable capacity investment

We study the supplier relationship choice for a buyer that invests in transferable capacity operated by a supplier. With a long‐term relationship, the buyer commits to source from a supplier over a long period of time. With a short‐term relationship, the buyer leaves open the option of switching to a new supplier in the future. The buyer has incomplete information about a supplies efficiency, and thus uses auctions to select suppliers and determine the contracts. In addition, the buyer faces uncertain demand for the product. A long‐term relationship may be beneficial for the buyer because it motivates more aggressive bidding at the beginning, resulting a lower initial price. A short‐term relationship may be advantageous because it allows switching, with capacity transfer at some cost, to a more efficient supplier in the future. We find that there exists a critical level of the switching cost above which a long‐term relationship is better for the buyer than a short‐term relationship. In addition, this critical switching cost decreases with demand uncertainty, implying a long‐term relationship is more favorable for a buyer facing volatile demand. Finally, we find that in a long‐term relationship, capacity can be either higher or lower than in a short‐term relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

某型高射机枪自动机关重件磨损试验及结果分析

本文结合某型高射机枪寿命试验,对该枪自动机关重件的磨损进行统计并分析,得出自动机关重件的磨损规律,为枪械射击提供了试验支持和理论依据。     

浅谈创新与标准化

标准化是通过制定和实施标准,使重复事务达到统一以获得最佳秩序和社会效益的技术。国防科技工业是国家战略性产业,是产品研制生产的物质和技术基础,是国家创新体系的一支重要力量。标准化是国防工业现代化建设与管理的技术基础。高质量高水平的标准是建设现代化国防的重要技术基础。胡锦涛总书记对“十一五”时期国防科技工业提出明确要求“坚持强化基础,自主创新,努力提高科研和制造水平”。     

基于主观贝叶斯方法的装备故障概率分析

由于造成武器装备故障的环境因素以及装备自身结构特征的不同,导致装备发生故障的不确定性。本文讨论了基于主观贝叶斯方法的装备故障概率分析方法,旨在事先预测武器装备在执行任务过程中的故障概率,为合理制定装备保障方案提供辅助决策依据。     

陆军弹药未来发展趋势

随着信息技术在陆军武器装备上的广泛运用,陆军弹药将呈现许多新的发展趋势,即研制超远程制导炮弹;开展软杀伤／新概念弹药技术的研究;发展复合作用和多用途弹药;采用系列化和模块化设计方法,实现一种弹药多平台携带和一弹携带多种弹药;发展性能更先进的灵巧炮弹;新型引信发展异常活跃,使弹药更加灵巧。一旦这些新弹药被应用于战场,将大大提高陆军部队的战力水平。     

浅谈汽车炸弹的特点和防范手段

简述了汽车炸弹的特点及其实施战术,提出防范汽车炸弹的几种方法。一是研究爆炸物探测原理,配备先进的爆炸物探测装备;二是部署拦截装置;三是通过各种工程措施加强对重要目标的防护。     

485通信总线的可靠性设计

本文阐述了RS-485总线规范,描述了影响RS-485总线通信速率和通信可靠性的几个因素,分析了产生的原因并给出解决问题的软硬件方案和措施。     

民用科技成果转军用的探讨与研究

大力推动民用科技成果适时向军用领域转移,是实现国防资源优化配置、提高国防建设效益的重要途径,也是世界主要发达国家走军民兼容之路的具体发展战略。鉴于目前我国在民用科技成果转军用方面还存在一些亟需解决的问题,文章以民用科技成果转军用的实际状况为研究基础,构建民用科技成果转化体系与机制,旨在为我国民用科技成果转化工作提供有益参考。