Life cycle costs for decision support ‐ a study of the various life cycle costs used at different levels of defence policy and management∗

Debates on many aspects of defence economics ‐ on the scale of defence expenditure, on the allocation of that expenditure to various military capabilities, and on the selection of equipment offering the best value for money ‐ are bedevilled by misunderstandings and misconceptions about the costs of defence equipment. This paper seeks to improve understanding of defence equipment costs by defining a hierarchy of defence equipment within which the direct and indirect life cycle costs of defence equipment may be allocated at different levels. Having reviewed the direct and indirect components of the life cycle cost, this paper then shows how different costing studies for different purposes require different approaches to life cycle costing, and that there is no unique life cycle cost which can be assigned to one particular item of defence equipment. There is instead a range oflife cycle costs, each of which is appropriate for a particular study, and it is important that a quoted cost of an item of defence equipment should be used only in the pertinent circumstances. The paper is written from a UK perspective and accordingly uses British nomenclature, but its principles should be relevant to defence cost studies in other nations.     

周恩来建设人民海军的理论和实践

周恩来协助毛泽东开创了中国人民海军事业。他高瞻远瞩,为人民海军的创建发展做好顶层设计;他呕心沥血,制定新中国海军建设的战略规划;他事必躬亲,操劳着海军建设方方面面的具体事项;他英明善断,指挥部署人民海军重要战役和重大行动。他对创建和发展年轻的共和国海军,作出了不可磨灭的贡献。周恩来建设人民海军的理论和实践,对今天的海军建设仍具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

Interchange fees for bank ATM networks

Banks have found it advantageous to connect their Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in networks so that customers of one bank may use the ATMs of any bank in the network. When this occurs, an interchange fee is paid by the customer's bank to the one that owns the ATM. These have been set by historic interbank negotiation. The paper investigates how a model based on n-player game theory concepts of Shapley value and nucleolus could be used as an alternative way of setting such fees. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 407–417, 1998     

The dynamic lot size model with quantity discount: Counterexamples and correction

Federgruen and Lee ([3]) proposed an optimal algorithm for the single-item dynamic lot size model with all-unit discount. In this note we show that their algorithm fails to find the optimal solution for some special cases. We also provide a modification to the algorithm to handle them. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 419–422, 1998     

电磁振动给料机的研究与制造

利用振动原理,研究、设计、制造微型电磁振动给料机（筛）．设计了激磁铁芯、半波可控硅整流及控制电路．在对振动机械的隔振分析及优化设计理论的基础上,设计了整部机器的结构图纸,并制造了一部样机,给出了振动利用的一个范例．所研究制造的微型电磁振动机集机电为一体,在焊接、制药等诸多行业中具有广泛的应用价值．     

Optimizing disaster relief: Real-time operational and tactical decision support

We introduce a real-time decision support system which uses optimization methods, simulation, and the judgement of the decision maker for operational assignment of units to tasks and for tactical allocation of units to task requirements. The system, named ARES for the Greek god of war, accommodates a high degree of detail in the logistics of unit movements during operations, yet separates the assignment and allocation activities in a fashion which naturally accommodates human intervention and judgement—ARES is designed to assist the decision maker, not to replace him. ARES is demonstrated with a hypothetical scenario constructed for 14 Engineering Battalions of the Hellenic Army which are assigned 20 tasks employing 25 resource types in repairing major damage to public works following a great earthquake. (This hypothetical data was prepared prior to the earthquake in Kalamata near Athens on 13 September, 1986, and exhibits uncanny, but coincidental, resemblance to that real situation.) ARES is designed for use in real time, and quick data preparation is aided by the provision from published sources of standard data for many foreseeable tasks; this data can be quickly accessed via visual icons on a computer screen and customized for the actual work at hand. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

风扇蜗壳排气段结构优化研究

为有效降低车辆封闭式冷却风道中风扇蜗壳的空气流动阻力,提出了计算流体力学分析与遗传算法相结合的蜗壳排气段结构优化方法,建立了蜗壳结构优化模型,开发了优化算法可执行程序Control CFD.EXE。对某车辆的风扇蜗壳排气段进行了结构优化。优化后蜗壳排气段的空气流动阻力比优化前减小了10.1%,空气质量流量增大了1.70%。     

舰空导弹测试项目优化方法研究

舰空导弹测试项目设计优化的目标应是全面但最简。提出如下优化方法:用Luenberger状态观测器法提取能覆盖各方面性能的测试项目最简集合,根据可靠性预计、故障分析得到的可靠性薄弱环节筛选,最后根据各类测试的不同需求和约束条件确定测试项目集合。其思路和方法也可用于其他复杂系统。