Resource allocation with lumpy demand: To speed or not to speed?

In the classical EPQ model with continuous and constant demand, holding and setup costs are minimized when the production rate is no larger than the demand rate. However, the situation may change when demand is lumpy. We consider a firm that produces multiple products, each having a unique lumpy demand pattern. The decision involves determining both the lot size for each product and the allocation of resources for production rate improvements among the products. We find that each product's optimal production policy will take on only one of two forms: either continuous production or lot‐for‐lot production. The problem is then formulated as a nonlinear nonsmooth knapsack problem among products determined to be candidates for resource allocation. A heuristic procedure is developed to determine allocation amounts. The procedure decomposes the problem into a mixed integer program and a nonlinear convex resource allocation problem. Numerical tests suggest that the heuristic performs very well on average compared to the optimal solution. Both the model and the heuristic procedure can be extended to allow the company to simultaneously alter both the production rates and the incoming demand lot sizes through quantity discounts. Extensions can also be made to address the case where a single investment increases the production rate of multiple products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

基于GO法的多阶段共因失效任务系统可靠性评估

为了解决部件阶段依赖性与共因失效给系统可靠性分析带来的复杂性,针对多阶段共因失效任务系统,结合GO法易于处理有时序、含共因失效系统可靠性分析的特点,首先,将前一阶段的输出信号作为后一阶段的输入信号,建模时首尾连接各阶段模型,建立整个任务系统的隐性GO模型;其次,在进行各信号流状态组合运算时,融入阶段代数处理部件的阶段依赖性;再次,用隐性共因失效分析,将共因失效对系统的影响在状态组合的定量分析中表达出来,得到所需系统可靠性指标;最后,与基于二元决策图的算法进行对比验证。结果表明:GO法可以简捷、准确地处理多阶段共因失效任务系统可靠性评估问题。     

基于强迫换流原理的新型真空直流限流断路器

提出了一种基于现有强迫换流型真空直流断路器的改进方案,并通过在高速真空开关两端并联反向续流二极管,使真空开关在电弧电流强迫过零后由于二极管的续流作用得到零电压介质强度恢复时间,提高了真空灭弧室电流过零后的介质强度恢复速度,使真空开关得以在小间隙下分断高上升率的短路电流,提高了传统真空直流断路器的限流、分断能力。设计了限流断路器样机,进行了短路分断试验。试验结果表明:所设计的限流断路器能将最大上升率为20A/μs的短路电流限流至10kA以下,限流分断时间小于1.1ms,满足了现代舰船极限短路故障的保护要求。     

一种面向多核处理器的高效并行PCA-SIFT算法

提出一种面向多核处理器的并行PCA-SIFT算法,采用数据级并行方法实现并行的特征提取和特征点匹配,将计算任务分配到各个DSP核并行处理,充分开发多核处理器的多级并行性.实验结果表明,并行PCA-SIFT算法对各种不同图像形变的图像具有良好的适应性,具有接近串行PCA-SIFT算法的图像匹配能力,平均加速比达3.12.     

基于区间数的第4代战斗机空战效能评估

根据第4代战斗机所具有的典型特征,建立了第4代战斗机的空战效能评估指标体系。采用区间数特征向量法确定了效能评估指标体系中的各指标的权重,给出了定量指标和定性指标的规范化方法,提出了采用区间数形式的加权和关系进行效能指标聚合的方法。最后,通过实例验证了所建立的空战效能评估指标体系的合理,评估方法的有效、可行。     

水下传感器网络冗余设计

冗余设计可以有效地延长水下传感器网络寿命和提高网络可靠性,基于可靠性理论,考虑水下传感器网络环境及节点垂直移动等约束,在对冗余非共享方案研究的基础上,结合水下传感器网络特点,提出了适合于水下传感器网络特点的冗余共享设计方案,并给出了冗余共享方案的可靠性模型,通过数值计算,研究了网络可靠性变化曲线及冗余节点数与网络寿命的关系。经过MATLAB软件仿真,表明在同一网络寿命情况下,相对于冗余非共享方案,冗余共享方案所需冗余节点数更少,降低了网络部署成本,达到了冗余优化的目的。     

试论晚清军事变革对近代社会转型之影响

晚清以来,中国社会经历了由传统封建社会向近代社会的全方位社会转型,军事变革与社会转型发生着千丝万缕的联系。解读晚清军事与近代社会转型的内在联系,有利于更好的理解那段历史。     

Web服务技术在装备管理信息系统中的应用

在研究W eb服务技术的基础上,利用.NET开发平台设计了装备管理系统中的器材库存管理系统,证明了W eb服务技术的可行性和有效性。     

Fabrication and analysis of TIG welding-brazing butt joints of in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2

Lightweight hybrid structures of Al MMCs and titanium alloy dissimilar materials have great prospect in the defence industry application. So, it is necessary to join Al MMCs with Ti metal to achieve this structural design. In this work, in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2 were firstly attempted to join by TIG welding-brazing technique. The result was that the intact welding-brazing butt joint was successfully fabricated. The joint presents dual characteristics, being a brazing on TA2 side and a welding on TiB2/7050 side. At brazing joint side, ER4043 filler metal effectively wets on TA2 under TIG heating condition, and a continuous interfacial reaction layer with 1—3μm is formed at welded metal/TA2 interface. The whole interfacial reaction layers are composed of Ti(AlSi)3 intermetallic compounds (IMCs), but their morphologies at the different regions present obvious distinguishes. The microhardness of the reaction layers is as much as 141—190 HV. At welding joints side, the fusion zone appears the equixaed crystal structure, and the grain sizes are much smaller than those of welded metal, which is attributed to the effect of TiB2 particulates from the melted TiB2/7050 on acceleration formation and inhibiting growth for the new crystal nucleus. The tensile test results show that average tensile strength of the optimal welding-brazing joint is able to achieve 138 MPa. The failure of the tensile joint occurs by quasi-cleavage pattern, and the cracks initiate from the IMCs layer at the groove surface of TA2 and propagate into the welded metal.     

Research on the intermediate phase of 40CrMnSiB steel shell under different heat treatments

In this study, 40CrMnSiB steel cylindrical shells were tempered at 350, 500 and 600 ℃ to study the effect of tempering temperature on the dynamic process of expansion and fracture of the metal shell. A mid-explosion recovery experiment for the metal cylinder under internal explosive loading was designed, and the wreckage of the casings at the intermediate phase was obtained. The effects of different tempering temperatures on the macroscopic and microscopic fracture characteristics of 40CrMnSiB steel were studied. The influence of tempering temperatures on the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage were measured and analyzed, including the circumferential divide size, the thick-ness and the number of the circumferential divisions. The results show that as the tempering temper-ature was increased from 350 to 600 ℃, at first, the degree of fragmentation and the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage changed significantly and then became essentially consistent. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed flow-like structure characteristics caused by adiabatic shear on different fracture surfaces. At the detonation initiation end of the casing, fracturing was formed by tearing along the crack, which existed a distance from the initiation end and propagated along the axis direction. In contrast, the fracturing near the middle position consists of a plurality of radial shear fracture units. The amount of alloy carbide that was precipitated during the tempering process increased continuously with tempering temperature, leading to an increasing number of spherical carbide particles scattered around the fracture surface.