Timing of information acquisition in a competitive environment

This article investigates the impact of timing on sellers' information acquisition strategies in a duopoly setting. Market uncertainty is captured by a representative consumer who has a private taste for the product's horizontal attribute, and both sellers can acquire this information either before (ex‐ante acquisition) or after (ex‐post acquisition) observing their own product qualities. We identify several conflicting effects of information acquisition that vary significantly in its timing and market characteristics. In the monopoly scenario, information acquisition is unambiguously beneficial and ex‐ante acquisition is the dominant option, because it helps a seller not only design the proper product but also craft better pricing strategy. By contrast, when there is competition, information acquisition eliminates the buffer role of market uncertainty and leads to the fiercest production or pricing competition, which makes the subsequent effects of acquisition detrimental, and a seller's payoff is nonmonotonic in terms of its acquisition cost. Moreover, compared with the ex‐ante information acquisition, ex‐post information acquisition normally generates higher sellers' equilibrium payoffs by postponing the timing of acquisition and maintaining product differentiation. Nonetheless, ex‐post information acquisition also provides the seller with greater acquisition incentive and occasionally makes him worse off than that in the ex‐ante scenario. Thus, in a competitive environment, having the option of information acquisition and flexibility in its timing can be both detrimental and irresistible. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 3–22, 2016     

Nonlinear pricing with consumer satiation

In various scenarios, consumers may become satiated with products, and the degree of satiation is directly associated with their prior experiences. Confronted with consumer satiation, the seller is unable to either identify consumers who have a higher likelihood of being satiated ex ante or distinguish satiated from non‐satiated consumers ex post. Therefore, the seller should address dynamic selling, valuation uncertainty, and quantity decisions, all of which are important operational issues. We consider a two‐period problem in which consumer types are influenced by their prior consumption experiences. Faced with these consumers, the seller intends to optimize quantities and adjust the prices of the products in each period to maximize revenue. We find that the seller may reduce ex ante production quantity as some consumers become satiated. Moreover, the ex ante quantity is first decreasing and then increasing with regard to the satiation rate. Furthermore, two‐period information asymmetries may provide a rationale for upward distortion in quantity when consumer preferences are highly sensitive to first‐period consumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 386–400, 2016     

民技军用的动因分析

民技军用是大势所趋,其动因主要包括三个方面：第一,军用技术与民用技术的势差、高技术的军民兼容性是民技军用的客观基础;第二,军事领域的经济与技术需要是民技军用的重要牵引;第三,民用领域技术拥有方的效益追求是民技军用的不竭动力。     

岩土损伤复合体理论的应力应变合成模式

近年来,岩土损伤本构模型取得了长足的进步,但在岩土材料损伤的复合体理论的一个基本问题--复合体的两个组分的应力、应变合成模式上存在争议.从损伤力学的基础--连续介质力学的基本概念出发,对岩土损伤复合体理论应力、应变合成的合理模式进行了研究.得出了一般损伤情况下的岩土损伤复合体理论的应力、应变合成公式,给出了各向同性损伤情况下的简化公式,认为对于岩土损伤复合体理论不能简单地采用并联、串联假设.     

多域光网络中的一种支持多播业务的动态RWA算法

路由与波长分配(RWA)仍是下一代智能光网络中的一个核心问题。由于下一代智能光网络将被划分为多个路由域进行分布式的网络管理,因此传统光网络中的那些基于全网信息的 RWA 算法将不再有效。与此同时,随着光网络中多播业务的不断增加,RWA 算法的研究中又出现了一些新的挑战。为解决这些问题,文章结合多播业务的需求,提出了一种适用于多域光网络中的可支持多播业务的动态 RWA 算法,并对其进行了计算机仿真研究,分析了算法的性能。     

城市居民小区地震火灾发生率的非线性预测

利用人工神经网络对地震火灾发生率进行非线性预测具有实用价值和理论意义。分析了人工神经网络预测的优势和不足,并提出算法改进意见,在综合分析人工神经网络预测的工作机理、构造方式以及影响城市居民小区地震火灾发生率的主要因素的基础上,构造人工神经网络模型进行火灾发生率的实例预测,并针对预测结果分析了各影响要素对地震火灾发生率发生影响的强弱程度,非线性预测的结果与预期结果相符。     

可见光图像序列中运动弱小目标检测方法研究

为了使制导系统有足够的反应时间,要求在很远的距离上就能检测到目标.在这种情况下,目标在探测器输出图像平面上呈现为斑点目标,且信号强度很弱,这就给目标检测带来了较大的难度.采用了一种先膨胀后累加的处理方法,这种方法首先通过形态学膨胀来增大图像中的目标面积,使得运动目标在不同帧内产生重叠部分,然后再通过多帧累加来增强目标能量;图像序列的邻域判决法也是目标检测的一种常用方法,它利用目标运动的连续性来剔除图像中的虚警点,可以获得较好的处理效果.主要基于以上2种方法来完成目标的检测,并通过数学仿真的方法来对该方法进行验证.实验结果表明该方法能够有效地检测出信噪比不低于2.5的弱小运动目标.     

一种基于增益调整策略的自适应滤波算法

针对现实C3I系统的工程要求,通过限定下限的衰减稳态增益滤波算法对Kalman滤波的稳态形式进行了扩展,提出了一种新的实时机动辨识算法和滤波增益的调整策略,同时对于航迹起始时的暂态过程进行了特殊的处理.仿真结果表明,该算法减小了自适应的滞后误差,提高了跟踪精度,极大地改善了滤波的收敛速度.     

复杂相似标的招投标模型分析研究

分析了信息在招投标过程中的应用,研究了相似标的在招投标管理中的机制模型,实现了招投标管理中复杂标的的机制设计。最后,对模型的应用进行了分析研究,证明了该模型可以有效提高招投标效率。     

基于AD9857 的数字上变频支路设计

用数字方式实现雷达目标模拟信号的上变频处理已经成为一项重要技术,应用也越来越广泛.AD9857是AD公司推出的一款高性能数字正交上变频器件.基于DSP和AD9857实现雷达目标模拟系统的上变频支路设计,结构简洁,通用性好,能满足多种制式基带信号的上变频处理.