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631.
This paper presents a model for designing a trade credit contract between a supplier and a retailer that would coordinate a supply chain in the presence of investment opportunity for the retailer. Specifically, we study a newsvendor model where the supplier offers a trade credit contract to the retailer who, by delaying the payment, can invest the accounts payable amount and earn returns. We find that when the channel partners have symmetric information about the retailer's investment return, a conditionally concessional trade credit (CTC) contract, which includes a wholesale price, an interest‐free period, and a minimum order requirement, can achieve channel coordination. We then extend the model to the information asymmetry setting in which the retailer's investment return is unobservable by the supplier. We show that, although the CTC contract cannot achieve the coordination in this setting, it can effectively improve channel efficiency as well as profitability for individual partners. 相似文献
632.
Algorithm to solve a chance‐constrained network capacity design problem with stochastic demands and finite support 下载免费PDF全文
Kathryn M. Schumacher Richard Li‐Yang Chen Amy E.M. Cohn Jeremy Castaing 《海军后勤学研究》2016,63(3):236-246
We consider the problem of determining the capacity to assign to each arc in a given network, subject to uncertainty in the supply and/or demand of each node. This design problem underlies many real‐world applications, such as the design of power transmission and telecommunications networks. We first consider the case where a set of supply/demand scenarios are provided, and we must determine the minimum‐cost set of arc capacities such that a feasible flow exists for each scenario. We briefly review existing theoretical approaches to solving this problem and explore implementation strategies to reduce run times. With this as a foundation, our primary focus is on a chance‐constrained version of the problem in which α% of the scenarios must be feasible under the chosen capacity, where α is a user‐defined parameter and the specific scenarios to be satisfied are not predetermined. We describe an algorithm which utilizes a separation routine for identifying violated cut‐sets which can solve the problem to optimality, and we present computational results. We also present a novel greedy algorithm, our primary contribution, which can be used to solve for a high quality heuristic solution. We present computational analysis to evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 236–246, 2016 相似文献
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光电对抗技术发展概况及装备需求 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了光电对抗的基本概念及其发展状况,针对现代海战的战法特点,论证了发展海军光电对抗系统的紧迫性,指出了光电对抗系统的关键技术. 相似文献
636.
对岩体隧道的长期观察和量测表明,许多在成洞之初的岩体,由于蠕变变形随时间不断发展,经过一段时日以后,围岩体可能会发生失稳或坍塌破坏.传统的弹性或弹塑性理论,无法考虑变形的时间因素.选用流变理论中能很好反映岩体应力应变随时间变化的广义开尔文模型,结合某岩体隧道的实例,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了岩体隧道开挖后围岩蠕变的全过程.模拟的结果使人们能够方便地掌握岩体隧道各个部位在不同时刻的变形量和蠕变率.对岩体隧道的设计和施工有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
637.
改革开放以来 ,我国意识形态领域的斗争错综复杂。随着国家安全由传统的军事安全发展为综合安全 ,意识形态安全已成为国家安全利益的重要组成部分。党的第二代、第三代领导集体自觉顺应时代要求 ,把意识形态建设提高到国家安全的战略地位。着眼于 2 1世纪中国的发展 ,必须从国家安全的战略高度 ,切实加强社会主义意识形态建设 ,为国家的发展构筑一个安全的思想文化环境。 相似文献
638.
顺应新军事变革的发展趋势,美军在实践中不断改革和创新军官的晋升工作,采取有效的形式,建立了稳定的制度,形成了系统的观点,选拔任用了一大批高素质复合型的优秀军官。美军军官晋升中反映的一些基本特点,非常值得我们去深入地研究和把握。一、法规健全美军认为,法制化是从总体上防止军官晋升随意性的重要保证,必须不断推进军官晋升的法制化进程。国会、国防部和各军种都不遗余力,制定了种类繁多、覆盖广泛、层次齐全的军官人事管理法律法规和规章制度,为军官晋升提供了客观的依据、统一的标准和科学的指导。在基本法层面上,有国会通过的《… 相似文献
639.
Trade-in programs have been widely adopted to enhance repeat purchase from replacement customers. Considering that a market consists of replacement and new segments, we study the joint and dynamic decisions on the selling price of new product (hereafter, “selling price”) and the trade-in price involved in the program. By adopting a vertical product differentiation choice model, we investigate two scenarios in this paper. In the base model, the manufacturer has sufficiently large production capacity to fulfill the customer demand. We characterize the structural properties of the joint pricing decisions and compare them with the optimal pricing policy under regular selling. We further propose a semi-dynamic trade-in program, under which the new product is sold at a fixed price and the trade-in price can be adjusted dynamically. Numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the dynamic and semi-dynamic trade-in programs. In an extended model, we consider the scenario in which the manufacturer stocks a batch of new products in the beginning of the selling horizon and the inventory cannot be replenished. Following a revenue management framework, we characterize the structural properties with respect to time period and inventory level of new products. 相似文献
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现代反舰导弹的电子对抗技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析现代舰艇防御系统主要的电子对抗措施的基础上.对反舰导弹在面临新的作战要求和环境下应采取的对抗技术进行了探讨。 相似文献