A RANDOM RATIONING MECHANISM WHICH REDUCES THE RISKS OF NO SON LEFT AT HOME

This paper empirically re‐examines the long‐run co‐movements and the causal relationships between GDP and defence expenditures in a multivariate model with real defence expenditure per capita (ME), real GDP per capita (GDP), and real capital stock per capita (K). We apply the view of the aggregate production function to construct the empirical model. Using up‐to‐date data for 27 OECD countries and 62 non‐OECD countries for the 1988–2003 period, we combine cross‐sectional and time series data to re‐investigate the relationship between GDP and ME. Previous studies using time series data may have yielded misleading results on account of the short time span of typical datasets. By contrast, we use recently developed panel unit root tests and heterogeneous panel cointegration tests, and conclude that there is fairly strong evidence in favour of the hypothesis of a long‐run equilibrium relationship between GDP and ME. The long‐run panel regression parameter results, such as the fully modified OLS, indicate that a positive relationship between GDP and ME only holds for OECD countries, whereas a negative relationship from ME to GDP only exists in non‐OECD countries under examination and in the panel as a whole. Furthermore, by implementing the dynamic panel‐based error correction model, we determine that GDP and ME lack short‐run causalities, but do show long‐run bidirectional causalities in both OECD and non‐OECD countries.     

餐饮废油甘油酯法合成烷醇酰胺

以餐饮废油为原料,采用甘油酯法制备表面活性剂脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。通过均匀实验确定最优合成反应条件:反应温度200℃,餐饮废油与二乙醇胺质量比1.3∶1,反应时间330 min。在此条件,油脂转化率为98.3%,产物的胺值和pH均达到国家标准要求。产物具有良好的表面活性,并可作为中间产物用于进一步加工。     

罐顶板声发射检测及其稳定最不利点有限元分析

罐顶板的缺陷检测对于评估立式拱顶罐的使用状况有着重要的意义,它的应用有助于更好地掌握立式拱顶罐的安全状况与可靠程度。将声发射法应用于罐顶板材料的检测,并对相关的设备仪器及操作流程进行介绍。为了给检测结果提供对照和参考,利用有限元分析法对拱顶瓜皮板的稳定最不利点进行了初步分析和定位。分析结果表明：顶板中上部肋板围成的区域可能会产生稳定最不利点,该部位应作为检测时重点关注的区域。     

基于时频信号项的输电塔损伤识别柔度矩阵法

将悬臂结构损伤识别柔度矩阵法和振动时域响应信号时频分析方法相结合,利用柔度矩阵与结构参数间的线性关系,引入突卸荷载激励下振动响应的WVD时频分布信号项幅值向量,通过求解损伤系数方程来识别集中质量型输电塔结构的损伤位置和程度。算例分析表明,所提出的方法通过一次测量就能准确地识别出结构单个或多个损伤的程度,并具有良好的抗噪性。     

月桂酸二乙醇酰胺对聚α-烯烃理化性能的影响

聚α-烯烃是应用十分广泛的润滑剂产品,在保证使用性能前提下提高其生物降解性具有十分重要的现实意义。选择前期实验中对矿物基础油生物降解性具有较大促进作用的月桂酸二乙醇酰胺作为生物降解促进剂,考察其对聚α-烯烃PAO 40生物降解性、抗磨减摩性、抗氧化安定性及黏度指数的影响。实验结果表明:月桂酸二乙醇酰胺既能有效促进PAO 40生物降解,也能一定程度上改善PAO 40的抗磨减摩性能,但对其抗氧化安定性及黏度指数影响不大。作为生物降解促进剂,月桂酸二乙醇酰胺在保证聚α-烯烃使用性能的基础上能有效提高后者的生物降解性,具有较大的实用价值。     

空间飞行器主动段的轨道估计与误差分析

为了对无源探测卫星系统的定轨方式和精度进行定量分析,通过坐标转换、受力分析、拟合、最小二乘法、微分方程数值解法与误差分析等方法,建立了基于卫星无源探测的空间飞行器在主动段的交汇定位优化模型和运动方程模型。基于模拟数据和模型,给出了卫星和空间飞行器的轨道曲线以及卫星的系统误差。经过系统误差修正,空间飞行器的估计轨道误差仅为7.582 1 m。     

关于提升军队院校国防科技创新能力的战略思考

大力提升军队院校国防科技创新能力,是建立健全国防科技创新体系,推进国防和军队建设科学发展的重要着力点。从明确军队院校在我国国防科技创新体系内的职能定位入手,对影响和制约军队院校国防科技创新的现实瓶颈进行了辨析,提出了增强军队院校国防科技创新能力水平的若干思路与建议。     

生物降解聚酯材料L-PLA 与ε-PCL 共混行为的研究

本文用本体融熔共混法研究了聚(L-丙交酯)与聚(ε-己内酯)的共混行为。发现在存在少量催化剂钛酸丁酯Ti(OBu)_4情况下,两种均聚物于150C°明显降解。~(13)C-NMR 核磁共振精细谱图及扫描示差热分析DSC 谱图证实它们间发生酯交换。由~(13)C-NMR 与~1H-NMR 谱图计算出共聚物中L-LA 与-CL 嵌段平均链长与它们的摩尔比值。     

云纹数字图象处理新方法及通用软件系统

本文介绍了多种云纹数字图象处理新方法及云纹处理通用软件系统。在这些新方法中,利用云纹数字图象全场每个点的灰度信息进行处理和变换,得到全场直观、定量的应变信息。这些方法和软件系统为云纹法的广泛应用提供了有力工具。     

Vehicle routing problems with regular objective functions on a path

We investigate the problem of scheduling a fleet of vehicles to visit the customers located on a path to minimize some regular function of the visiting times of the customers. For the single‐vehicle problem, we prove that it is pseudopolynomially solvable for any minsum objective and polynomially solvable for any minmax objective. Also, we establish the NP‐hardness of minimizing the weighted number of tardy customers and the total weighted tardiness, and present polynomial algorithms for their special cases with a common due date. For the multivehicle problem involving n customers, we show that an optimal solution can be found by solving or O(n) single‐vehicle problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 34–43, 2014