An optimal procedure for the coordinated replenishment dynamic lot‐sizing problem with quantity discounts

We consider in this paper the coordinated replenishment dynamic lot‐sizing problem when quantity discounts are offered. In addition to the coordination required due to the presence of major and minor setup costs, a separate element of coordination made possible by the offer of quantity discounts needs to be considered as well. The mathematical programming formulation for the incremental discount version of the extended problem and a tighter reformulation of the problem based on variable redefinition are provided. These then serve as the basis for the development of a primal‐dual based approach that yields a strong lower bound for our problem. This lower bound is then used in a branch and bound scheme to find an optimal solution to the problem. Computational results for this optimal solution procedure are reported in the paper. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 686–695, 2000     

Inventory competition with yield reliability improvement

This article studies the inventory competition under yield uncertainty. Two firms with random yield compete for substitutable demand: If one firm suffers a stockout, which can be caused by yield failure, its unsatisfied customers may switch to its competitor. We first study the case in which two competing firms decide order quantities based on the exogenous reliability levels. The results from the traditional inventory competition are generalized to the case with yield uncertainty and we find that quantity and reliability can be complementary instruments in the competition. Furthermore, we allow the firms to endogenously improve their yield reliability before competing in quantity. We show that the reliability game is submodular under some assumptions. The results indicate that the competition in quantity can discourage the reliability improvement. With an extensive numerical study, we also demonstrate the robustness of our analytical results in more general settings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 107–126, 2015     

The impact of exponential smoothing forecasts on the bullwhip effect

An important phenomenon often observed in supply chain management, known as the bullwhip effect, implies that demand variability increases as one moves up the supply chain, i.e., as one moves away from customer demand. In this paper we quantify this effect for simple, two‐stage, supply chains consisting of a single retailer and a single manufacturer. We demonstrate that the use of an exponential smoothing forecast by the retailer can cause the bullwhip effect and contrast these results with the increase in variability due to the use of a moving average forecast. We consider two types of demand processes, a correlated demand process and a demand process with a linear trend. We then discuss several important managerial insights that can be drawn from this research. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 269–286, 2000     

自行高炮惯导精度对空情融合影响的仿真分析

为说明惯性测量元件、测量精度与自行高炮武器系统空情信息融合精度指标之间的关系,在分析自行高炮武器系统探测坐标之间的转换关系、空情共享交互方式以及空情信息融合误差源的基础上,给出了影响空情信息融合精度指标的因素;通过两种精度的惯性测量元件在纯惯导方式和惯导/卫星组合方式下对信息融合精度的影响计算分析,给出了不同条件下的误...     

Optimizing natural gas pipeline transmission with nonuniform elevation: A new initialization approach

In this paper, we develop an iterative piecewise linear approximation approach with a novel initialization method to solve natural gas pipeline transmission problems with the nonuniform network elevation. Previous approaches, such as energy minimization methods, cannot be applied to solve problems with the nonuniform network elevation because they exclude pressure range constraints, and thus provide solutions far from optimum. We propose a new initialization model that considers pressure range constraints and improves the optimality of the solutions and the computational efficiency. Furthermore, we extend the energy minimization methods and provide the necessary conditions under which the extended methods operate in networks with the nonuniform elevation. We test the performances of the methods with previously reported pipeline networks from the literature, with the open data set GasLib, and with our industrial collaborator. The initialization approach is shown to be more efficient than the method with fixed initial breakpoints. The newly proposed initialization approach generates solutions with a higher accuracy than the extended energy minimization methods, especially in large‐size networks. The proposed method has been applied to natural gas transmission planning by the China National Petroleum Corporation and has brought a direct profit increase of 330 million U.S. dollars in 2015‐2017.     

电子防空协同下多层火力拦截巡航导弹能力研究

从电子防空和火力拦截两个方面分析了抗袭巡航导弹的基本对策,采用排队论方法构建了"软硬杀伤拦截"的效能模型,并计算出固定部署防空体系的拦截效率。结合算例证明了模型的实用性,通过对比得出在有电子防空协同下拦截巡航导弹时的可行性与优势。     

Mixed rules in multi‐issue allocation situations

Multi‐issue allocation situations study problems where an estate must be divided among a group of agents. The claim of each agent is a vector specifying the amount claimed by each agent on each issue. We present a two‐stage rule. First, we divide the estate among the issues following the constrained equal awards rule. Second, the amount assigned to each issue is divided among the agents in proportion to their demands on this issue. We apply the rule to two real‐world problems: the distribution of natural resources between countries and the distribution of budget for education and research between universities.     

用JAVA实现DSA数字签名算法的密钥对

采用Java程序设计语言,实现了美国国家标准与技术研究所(NIST)提出的数字签名方案(DSA)的密钥对的生成。深入分析了DSA数字签名技术,并深入阐述了如何用JAVA中的javax．crypto和java．secrurity等JAVA类生成DSA密钥对的技术,能够满足对DSA数字签名开发的要求。     

作战模式及需求不确定条件下备件供应优化

高度不确定性是战时备件保障面临的难题之一,主要体现在作战任务想定的多样性以及备件需求的波动性.针对以上问题,分别将作战模式的不确定性和需求的不确定性转化为离散和连续型不确定参数,采用鲁棒优化方法进行建模.以战时备件供应延迟时间最短为目标,以备件满足率和供应成本为硬约束,构建了战时备件供应的鲁棒优化模型.利用元启发式算法...