关于军用装备软件质量的认识和思考

高科技的军用装备,已经越来越多地依赖于软件,软件质量事关重大,因此我们更应该正确认识军用装备软件的质量。本文将从军代表的视角阐述软件质量的概念及软件质量监督的难点,分析运用软件工程方法的现状和制约因素,提出运用软件工程手段保证软件质量应注意的问题,以及如何正确认识“软件三库”的作用和定位。     

自动喷水灭火系统成本效益分析

自动喷水灭火系统在我国一直存在质量不高、管理不当的现象,严重威胁人们的生命财产安全。产生这种现象的一个重要原因就在于投资者和业主不了解自动喷水灭火系统所能产生的经济效益,从而对设置该系统不够重视,甚至持反对的态度。针对这种情况,提出了一种定量评估设置自动喷水灭火系统的成本和效益的模型及具体计算方法,并结合工程实例验证了该模型的可行性。     

一类随机非单调二元算子的随机不动点定理

利用Mann迭代技巧,讨论了不具有紧性条件的随机非单调二元算子方程随机不动点的存在唯一性,并给出了迭代序列收敛于解的误差估计,所得结果是某些已知结果的本质改进和推广。     

中远程舰空导弹武器作战效能指标体系研究

通过对中远程舰空导弹武器系统作战使用情况和作战使用过程的分析,借鉴了WSEIAC效能评估方式,并结合远程舰空导弹武器系统特性和作战使命对该方法进行了适当的改进,以此为基础,建立了中远程舰空导弹武器作战效能体系结构,并提出了作战效能评估指标体系。     

基于多时刻目标运动模式分布的多模型算法

在机动目标跟踪过程中,传感器在利用量测数据计算目标状态的同时,需要完成对目标运动模式的估计,并根据估计结果对传感器滤波方程的参数或结构进行调整,以减小滤波方程与目标运动模式之间的差异,提高对机动目标的跟踪精度.针对已有多模型算法的不足,利用多个时刻的目标运动模式分布来解决混合估计问题,提出一种新的次优多模型(MTMM)算法.仿真结果证明了MTMM算法的有效性.     

玻璃液体温度计检定自动读数系统的研制

玻璃液体温度计是常用计量器具之一,按照国家计量检定规程的要求,必须定期检定.为改进原检定过程的人工读数方法和提升智能化程度,介绍了玻璃液体温度计自动读数系统的研制方法,讨论了计算机图像处理技术的应用、检定结果的计算.经过实验验证,研制系统达到预期目的.     

Detection of a Markovian target with optimization of the search efforts under generalized linear constraints

This paper deals with search for a target following a Markovian movement or a conditionally deterministic motion. The problem is to allocate the search efforts, when search resources renew with generalized linear constraints. The model obtained is extended to resource mixing management. New optimality equations of de Guenin's style are obtained. Practically, the problem is solved by using an algorithm derived from the FAB method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 117–142, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10009     

Inventory control under substitutable demand: A stochastic game application

Substitutable product inventory problem is analyzed using the concepts of stochastic game theory. It is assumed that there are two substitutable products that are sold by different retailers and the demand for each product is random. Game theoretic nature of this problem is the result of substitution between products. Since retailers compete for the substitutable demand, ordering decision of each retailer depends on the ordering decision of the other retailer. Under the discounted payoff criterion, this problem is formulated as a two‐person nonzero‐sum stochastic game. In the case of linear ordering cost, it is shown that there exists a Nash equilibrium characterized by a pair of stationary base stock strategies for the infinite horizon problem. This is the unique Nash equilibrium within the class of stationary base stock strategies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 359–375, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10018     

Optimal empty vehicle redistribution for hub‐and‐spoke transportation systems

This article considers the empty vehicle redistribution problem in a hub‐and‐spoke transportation system, with random demands and stochastic transportation times. An event‐driven model is formulated, which yields the implicit optimal control policy. Based on the analytical results for two‐depot systems, a dynamic decomposition procedure is presented which produces a near‐optimal policy with linear computational complexity in terms of the number of spokes. The resulting policy has the same asymptotic behavior as that of the optimal policy. It is found that the threshold‐type control policy is not usually optimal in such systems. The results are illustrated through small‐scale numerical examples. Through simulation the robustness of the dynamic decomposition policy is tested using a variety of scenarios: more spokes, more vehicles, different combinations of distribution types for the empty vehicle travel times and loaded vehicle arrivals. This shows that the dynamic decomposition policy is significantly better than a heuristics policy in all scenarios and appears to be robust to the assumptions of the distribution types. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Dynamic evacuation routes for personnel on a naval ship

We propose a dynamic escape route system for emergency evacuation of a naval ship. The system employs signals that adapt to the causative contingency and the crew's physical distribution about the ship. A mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model, with underlying network structure, optimizes the evacuation process. The network's nodes represent compartments, closures (e.g., doors and hatches) and intersections, while arcs represent various types of passageways. The objective function integrates two potentially conflicting factors: average evacuation time and the watertight and airtight integrity of the ship after evacuation. A heuristic solves the model approximately using a sequence of mixed‐integer linear approximating problems. Using data for a Spanish frigate, with standard static routes specified by the ship's designers, computational tests show that the dynamic system can reduce average evacuation times, nearly 23%, and can improve a combined measure of ship integrity by up to 50%. In addition, plausible design changes to the frigate yield further, substantial improvements. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2008