Degeneracy in inventory models

In order‐quantity reorder‐point formulations for inventory items where backordering is allowed, some of the more common ways to prevent excessive stockouts in an optimal solution are to impose either a cost per unit short, a cost per stockout occasion, or a target fill rate. We show that these popular formulations, both exact and approximate, can become “degenerate” even with quite plausible parameters. By degeneracy we mean any situation in which the formulation either cannot be solved, leads to nonsensical “optimal” solutions, or becomes equivalent to something substantially simpler. We explain the reasons for the degeneracies, yielding new insight into these models, and we provide practical advice for inventory managers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 686–705, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10037     

Warranty reserves for nonstationary sales processes

Estimation of warranty costs, in the event of product failure within the warranty period, is of importance to the manufacturer. Costs associated with replacement or repair of the product are usually drawn from a warranty reserve fund created by the manufacturer. Considering a stochastic sales process, first and second moments (and thereby the variance) are derived for the manufacturer's total discounted warranty cost of a single sale for single‐component items under four different warranty policies from a manufacturer's point of view. These servicing strategies represent a renewable free‐replacement, nonrenewable free‐replacement, renewable pro‐rata, and a nonrenewable minimal‐repair warranty plans. The results are extended to determine the mean and variance of total discounted warranty costs for the total sales over the life cycle of the product. Furthermore, using a normal approximation, warranty reserves necessary for a certain protection level, so that reserves are not completely depleted, are found. Results and their managerial implications are studied through an extensive example. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 499–513, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10023     

面向构件的测试研究

主要阐述了对构件测试的一种观点 ,并通过对系统测试及集成测试的裁剪 ,给出了对构件的一种测试方法     

C4ISR中基于XML的作战文书标准化

作战文书标准化是C4ISR系统中实现作战文书自动处心技术在作战文书标准化中的实际应用用DTD规定作战文书的逻辑结构、用XML语言描述作战文书的内容、用XSL规范作战文书的格式;进而根据作战文书的处理流程,提出了作战文书标准化系统的三层整体架构作战文书产生层、网络传输层、作战文书接受层.     

Rare‐event component importance for the consecutive‐k system

Various indices of component importance with respect to system reliability have been proposed. The most popular one is the Birnbaum importance. In particular, a special case called uniform Birnbaum importance in which all components have the same reliability p has been widely studied for the consecutive‐k system. Since it is not easy to compare uniform Birnbaum importance, the literature has looked into the case p = ½, p → 1, or p ≥ ½. In this paper, we look into the case p → 0 to complete the spectrum of examining Birnbaum importance over the whole range of p. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 159–166, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10001     

抛物方程法研究不规则地形对电波传播的影响

抛物方程法是计算复杂环境电波传播的主要方法,利用分步傅立叶变换递推出不同高度和距离的场强分布。基于坐标变换将不规则地形边界转化为平面边界,计入了起伏地形因子影响,对模型进行修正。通过计算传播因子和衰减,对平面和地形边界下的传播特性进行仿真分析,结果与实际情况吻合。     

新型气泡雾化细水雾灭火系统的研制与开发

将气泡雾化技术引入到消防领域,研制并开发了一套新型细水雾灭火系统,着重设计和制作了系统的关键部件——气泡雾化喷头。该系统具有工作压力低、雾化流量小、不易堵塞以及安全可靠等优点。在此基础上,利用所研制的气泡雾化细水雾系统进行了汽油火的实体灭火实验,灭火效果良好。     

基于PJ模型的雷达探测距离预报方法

雷达波在近海面大气中传播时受到各种因素的影响,尤其是在蒸发波导条件下,电磁波的传播路径会被显著改变,使雷达的探测距离增大形成超视距探测.给出了PJ模型的计算公式,同时叙述了基于PJ蒸发波导模型对雷达探测距离进行预测的流程,并且运用X波段雷达与海上目标进行验证,结果显示预测方法结果与实测数据比较吻合.     

The assignment of storage locations to containers for a container stack

Assigning storage locations to incoming or reshuffled containers is a fundamental problem essential to the operations efficiency of container terminals. The problem is notoriously hard for its combinatorial and dynamic nature. In this article, we minimize the number of reshuffles in assigning storage locations for incoming and reshuffled export containers. For the static problem to empty a given stack without any new container arrival, the optimum reshuffle sequence is identified by an integer program (IP). The integer program captures the evolution of stack configurations as a function of decisions and is of interest by itself. Heuristics based on the integer program are then derived. Their competitiveness in accuracy and time are established by extensive numerical runs comparing them with existing heuristics in literature and in practice as well as with extensions of the existing heuristics. Variants of the IP‐based heuristics are then applied to the dynamic problem with continual retrievals and arrivals of containers. Again, numerical runs confirm that the IP‐based heuristic is competitive. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

电子干扰对防空群射击指挥决策的影响分析

描述了电子干扰对防空群射击指挥决策的影响,建立了通信阻塞、假目标和干扰机与防空群抗击率之间的数学关系,给出了几点有益的结论。