Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking,procurement, and product design policies

Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015     

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软件密集型装备项目质量管理研究

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神光-Ⅲ激光装置的总体集成及探索

神光-Ⅲ激光装置是规模相当于一个标准足球场大小的巨型高功率固体激光工程设施,它是我国ICF激光惯性约束聚变研究的关键实验平台,围绕该装置的总体集成工作是解决装置功能系统配置及复杂接口关系的系统工程;文章分析讨论了总体集成工作的实施与探索过程、主要成就及对百万焦耳级驱动器工程的启示等。     

舰载预警直升机机载雷达发现概率与建航概率模型研究

针对舰载预警直升机机载雷达的作战需求,基于机载预警雷达单次扫描发现概率模型,从作战使用的角度,建立了机载预警雷达累积发现概率模型和建航概率模型,为机载雷达有效探测距离的确定提供了依据,为舰载预警直升机预警搜索决策的研究奠定了基础。     

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谈综合医院分子筛制氧系统消防设计的优化

PSA分子筛制氧是一种新型技术,在综合医院具有广泛的应用前景,但目前国内并没有相应的消防标准对其进行规范。介绍了PSA分子筛制氧系统的组成、工作原理及工作特点,从消防设计审核的角度提出了保证系统正常工作的安全性建议。     

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