The Damoclean sword of offensive cyber: Policy uncertainty and collective insecurity

Cyberspace is a new domain of operation, with its own characteristics. Cyber weapons differ qualitatively from kinetic ones: They generate effects by non-kinetic means through information, technology, and networks. Their properties, opportunities, and constraints are comparable to the qualitative difference between conventional and nuclear weapons. New weapons and their target sets in a new domain raise a series of unresolved policy challenges at the domestic, bilateral, and international levels about deterrence, attribution, and response. They also introduce new risks: uncertainty about unintended consequences, expectations of efficacy, and uncertainty about both the target’s and the international community’s response. Cyber operations offer considerable benefits for states to achieve strategic objectives both covertly and overtly. However, without a strategic framework to contain and possibly deter their use, make state and non-state behavior more predictable in the absence of reciprocal norms, and limit their impact, an environment where states face persistent attacks that nonetheless fall below the threshold of armed conflict presents a policy dilemma that reinforces collective insecurity.     

Moving the techno-science gap in Security Force Assistance

This paper looks at the impact of military technology diffusion on military assistance operations (MAO), in the United States known as Security Force Assistance or SFA. The discussion looks conceptually at the role of technological change and how it interacts with martial cultures in military assistant operations. I argue that growing trends in science and technology suggest potential conflicts between culture and technology. Relying on a culture-technology model drawn from anthropology, the paper contends that new technologies will present increasing challenges for the emerging MAO landscape. The paper will illustrate that the techno-science gap will continue to grow as innovations such as robotics, sensors, and networks continue to develop. Finally, the paper will look at ways to overcome this conflict between culture and technology.     

Counterinsurgency as armed reform: The political history of the Malayan Emergency

Despite the emphasis in doctrine and academia that counterinsurgency is in its essence political, these operations are all too commonly discussed and approached as primarily military endeavors. Informed by the need to refocus counterinsurgency studies, this article revisits a foundational case of the canon – the Malayan Emergency – to discuss its political (i.e., not military) unfolding. The analysis distinguishes itself by emphasizing the diplomatic processes, negotiations, and deals that gave strategic meaning to the military operations underway. In so doing, the article also generates insight on the use of leverage and elite bargains in creating new political settlements and bringing insurgent conflicts to an end.     

融入粒子群优化的UPF算法研究及其导航应用

粒子滤波易出现粒子多样性损失,粒子退化等问题,且在初始未知时,需要粒子数较多,收敛较慢。针对上述缺陷,在UKF和PF滤波基础上,将改进了搜索因子的粒子群优化算法融入U粒子滤波算法,提出了一种新型粒子滤波算法,加速了算法的收敛速度。将其应用于地形匹配导航算法中,仿真结果表明该新型算法明显优于UPF及PF算法,更适应于大误差的初始条件下,收敛速度快,具有更高的导航精度和抗噪特性。     

基于逆Chirp Scaling算法的合成孔径雷达原始数据仿真

介绍了一种采用逆CS(Chirp Scaling)算法的合成孔径雷达回波数据模拟方法。利用一种场景处理方法,将目标场景转化为含有连续相位信息的复图像。按照CS成像算法的逆运算恢复原始数据,通过相位因子相乘注入距离徙动量和距离/方位的耦合量。最后,通过仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

混合尺寸目标电磁计算的时域伪谱/有限体积混合方法

针对单一算法对混合尺寸目标进行时域电磁分析的困难,提出一种时域伪谱(PSTD)同时域有限体积(FVTD)混合方法。FVTD可方便地分析复杂的几何结构和材料,但是难以计算电大尺寸的目标,PSTD则特别适合计算电大尺寸的规则结构,但在模拟复杂的几何结构尤其是带有曲边结构以及电大、电小共存结构时存在困难。混合方法克服了单独算法的缺点,融合各自的优势,提高了算法的求解能力和应用范围。为了减小两种算法连接边界带来的反射,采用了FVTD计算面均值的二次函数重构方法,给出了交叠网格和非交叠网格两种混合方案。数值试验表明,混合方法有较高的精度,具有时域分析混合尺寸目标电磁问题的能力。     

带有陀螺稳定器的动力系统随机响应分析

利用统计等效线化和正态降阶的方法,分析了阻尼力为非线性且带陀螺稳定器的单轨列车系统在平稳随机外力矩激励下的响应,得出了平稳随机外力矩激励对车厢在铅垂位置偏角的影响要小于对陀螺环转角的影响。