科研经费管理决策支持系统若干模型

本文应用多目标决策原理和计算机技术,在分析用户需求的基础上,建立了科研任务项目的预测评价和经费分配模型,并分析了有关模型的关系和解决性质。根据这些模型和决策的特点,简要叙述了该系统的主要功能。我们相信,该系统的应用,将给管理人员提供方便,且使管理进一步科学化,让有限的经费发挥更大的作用。     

基于DSP的电视跟踪系统算法设计

研究基于ADSP21020高速DSP芯片构成的实时电视跟踪系统的图象采集。分割、跟踪定位和跟踪波门设计等算法,并给出算法实现的流程图。     

悬置螺母的载荷分布及优化设计

本文在全面考虑螺旋付变形和建立合理的力学模型的基础上,导出了悬置螺母载荷分布计算的矩阵表达式,并以载荷分布均匀为目标对其结构参数进行了优化。优化结果较好地改善了悬置螺母的载荷分布状况,显示出良好的应用前景。     

有机涂层缓蚀剂的研究

在普通涂料中加入缓蚀剂构成缓蚀涂料,可以大大增强涂料的防蚀能力。本工作针对舰船船底漆铝扮沥青环氧涂层,研究了二种含有氨基、羧基及杂环的有机缓蚀剂,当在普通的船底漆中加入少量缓蚀剂后,不改变原来涂层的物理机械性能,但可显著地提高涂层的耐蚀性能,采用了浸泡试验、盐雾箱试验及交流阻抗测试对涂层的耐蚀性能进行了评价,并采用电化学方法对涂层缓蚀剂的机理作了探讨。     

冲压式翼伞开伞仿真计算

本文分析了冲压式翼伞开伞的特点,提出了一个展弦向二维开伞模型,建立了伞衣的径向运动方程。在推导系统运动方程和分离体运动方程的基础上,建立翼伞开伞仿真状态方程,用龙格-库塔法求解,给出开伞充满时间、开伞动载、翼伞速度和位置坐标等参数的变化值。本文提供的开伞仿真计算软件包,可用于各类冲压式翼伞的开伞仿真计算。     

弹道式导弹自对准系统的随机最优控制

固定基座发射的弹道式导弹,可以利用三轴陀螺平台罗盘系统来实现全方位自对准。在考虑到系统噪声及测量噪声情况下,根据离散型线性随机系统最优控制的分离定理,实现平台罗盘自对准系统的最优控制。计算结果表明,所讨论的方法,可以在对准精度、对准时闻及对随机干扰信号的滤波作用诸性能要求方面,获得满意的结果。     

一种系统存在有界干扰的混合自适应极点配置方案

主要讨论了确定性单输入单输出连续时间系统存在有界干扰时的混合自适应极点配置问题,给出了一种间接式混合自适应极点配置方案,并以某飞行器自动驾驶仪为例,对该方案进行了数字仿真,结果表明,该方案能有效地抑制有界干扰的不利影响。     

氯酸钾对不锈钢在硫酸和盐酸混合溶液中的缓蚀行为

研究了缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３在７０％Ｈ２ＳＯ４和０．２％ＨＣｌ溶液中对１８—８不锈钢的缓蚀行为。运用线性极化技术测定了缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率为９６％。动电位极化曲线、循环极化曲线及交流阻抗的测量表明,缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３是一种阳极钝化型缓蚀剂,添加缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３后,不锈钢表面氧化膜进一步加强,从而有效地抑制不锈钢的均匀腐蚀和孔蚀。     

The effects of local elections on national military spending: A cross-country study

In this paper, we study the domestic political determinants of military spending. Our conceptual framework suggests that power distribution over local and central governments influences the government provision of national public goods, in our context, military expenditure. Drawing on a large cross-country panel, we demonstrate that having local elections will decrease a country’s military expenditure markedly, controlling for other political and economic variables. According to our preferred estimates, a country’s military expenditure is on average 20% lower if its state government officials are locally elected, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction.     

Comparison of rank aggregation methods based on inherent ability

Ranking is a common task for selecting and evaluating alternatives. In the past few decades, combining rankings results from various sources into a consensus ranking has become an increasingly active research topic. In this study, we focus on the evaluation of rank aggregation methods. We first develop an experimental data generation method, which can provide ground truth ranking for alternatives based on their “inherent ability.” This experimental data generation method can generate the required individual synthetic rankings with adjustable accuracy and length. We propose characterizing the effectiveness of rank aggregation methods by calculating the Kendall tau distance between the aggregated ranking and the ground truth ranking. We then compare four classical rank aggregation methods and present some useful findings on the relative performances of the four methods. The results reveal that both the accuracy and length of individual rankings have a remarkable effect on the comparison results between rank aggregation methods. Our methods and results may be helpful to both researchers and decision‐makers.