非战争军事行动经济动员不均衡性的负面影响及其对策

非战争军事行动经济动员的就近性与定向性突显,在微观上造成了地区、行业以及军事劳务间动员义务的不均衡性,对动员客体积极性、主动性产生了负面影响。文章按剖析原因、找准对策的思路,探讨了解决负面影响的基本对策。     

Supplier certification and quality investment in supply chains

Global sourcing has made quality management a more challenging task, and supplier certification has emerged as a solution to overcome suppliers' informational advantage about their product quality. This article analyzes the impact of certification standards on the supplier's investment in quality, when a buyer outsources the production process. Based on our results, deterministic certification may lead to under‐investment in quality improvement technology for efficient suppliers, thereby leading to potential supply chain inefficiency. The introduction of noisy certification may alleviate this under‐investment problem, when the cost of information asymmetry is high. While allowing noisy certification always empowers the buyer to offer a menu to screen among heterogeneous suppliers, the buyer may optimally choose only a limited number of certification standards. Our analysis provides a clear‐cut prediction of the types of certifiers the buyer should use for heterogeneous suppliers, and we identify the conditions under which the supplier benefits from noisy certification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

氯酸钾对不锈钢在硫酸和盐酸混合溶液中的缓蚀行为

研究了缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３在７０％Ｈ２ＳＯ４和０．２％ＨＣｌ溶液中对１８—８不锈钢的缓蚀行为。运用线性极化技术测定了缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率为９６％。动电位极化曲线、循环极化曲线及交流阻抗的测量表明,缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３是一种阳极钝化型缓蚀剂,添加缓蚀剂ＫＣｌＯ３后,不锈钢表面氧化膜进一步加强,从而有效地抑制不锈钢的均匀腐蚀和孔蚀。     

西部地区教育电视的生存与发展对策研究

本文通过对教育电视的发展面临传媒同业的激烈竞争和西部地区教育电视生存条件的分析,阐明了教育电视在西部地区远程教育中的重要作用,并提出了西部地区教育电视的发展对策。     

悬置螺母的载荷分布及优化设计

本文在全面考虑螺旋付变形和建立合理的力学模型的基础上,导出了悬置螺母载荷分布计算的矩阵表达式,并以载荷分布均匀为目标对其结构参数进行了优化。优化结果较好地改善了悬置螺母的载荷分布状况,显示出良好的应用前景。     

Optimal production ramp-up in the smartphone manufacturing industry

Motivated by challenges in the smartphone manufacturing industry, we develop a dynamic production ramp-up model that can be applied to economically satisfy nonstationary demand for short-life-cycle products by high-tech companies. Due to shorter life cycles and more rapid evolution of smartphones, production ramp-up has been increasingly critical to the success of a new smartphone. In the production ramp-up, the key challenge is to match the increasing capacity to nonstationary demand. The high-tech smartphone manufacturers are urged to jointly consider the effect of increasing capacity and decreasing demand. We study the production planning problem using a high-dimensional Markov decision process (MDP) model to characterize the production ramp-up. To address the curse of dimensionality, we refine Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm and theoretically analyze its convergence and computational complexity. In a real case study, we find that the MDP model achieves revenue improvement by stopping producing the existing product earlier than the benchmark policy. In synthetic instances, we validate that the proposed MCTS algorithm saves computation time without loss of solution quality compared with traditional value iteration algorithm. As part of the Lenovo production solution, our MDP model enables high-tech smartphone manufacturers to better plan the production ramp-up.     

The effects of local elections on national military spending: A cross-country study

In this paper, we study the domestic political determinants of military spending. Our conceptual framework suggests that power distribution over local and central governments influences the government provision of national public goods, in our context, military expenditure. Drawing on a large cross-country panel, we demonstrate that having local elections will decrease a country’s military expenditure markedly, controlling for other political and economic variables. According to our preferred estimates, a country’s military expenditure is on average 20% lower if its state government officials are locally elected, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction.     

Comparison of rank aggregation methods based on inherent ability

Ranking is a common task for selecting and evaluating alternatives. In the past few decades, combining rankings results from various sources into a consensus ranking has become an increasingly active research topic. In this study, we focus on the evaluation of rank aggregation methods. We first develop an experimental data generation method, which can provide ground truth ranking for alternatives based on their “inherent ability.” This experimental data generation method can generate the required individual synthetic rankings with adjustable accuracy and length. We propose characterizing the effectiveness of rank aggregation methods by calculating the Kendall tau distance between the aggregated ranking and the ground truth ranking. We then compare four classical rank aggregation methods and present some useful findings on the relative performances of the four methods. The results reveal that both the accuracy and length of individual rankings have a remarkable effect on the comparison results between rank aggregation methods. Our methods and results may be helpful to both researchers and decision‐makers.     

排液槽对折板捕雾器性能影响数值模拟

为研究气液分离器内使用的折板式捕雾器的流场特性及排液槽对其性能的影响,利用流体动力学计算软件Fluent,采用Low-Re Stress-Omega模型和DPM两相流模型,对捕雾器气液两相流流场进行了数值模拟。通过对比安装排液槽前后捕雾器内流场,分析了排液槽对捕雾器流场速度、液滴运动轨迹的影响;发现排液槽能大幅提高捕雾器的除雾效率,10μm以上液滴基本能够全部去除,但是也会使除雾器压降急剧增大。最后研究了排液槽主要结构参数——折弯直径和长度对捕雾器性能的影响,发现增大排液槽折弯直径和长度均能增加除雾效率,但同时也会增大进出口压降。     

科研经费管理决策支持系统若干模型

本文应用多目标决策原理和计算机技术,在分析用户需求的基础上,建立了科研任务项目的预测评价和经费分配模型,并分析了有关模型的关系和解决性质。根据这些模型和决策的特点,简要叙述了该系统的主要功能。我们相信,该系统的应用,将给管理人员提供方便,且使管理进一步科学化,让有限的经费发挥更大的作用。