Monitoring and Prediction of the Vibration Intensity of Seismic Waves Induced in Underwater Rock by Underwater Drilling and Blasting

All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines near construction areas or wharfs,whereas comparatively few studies have been conducted on the larger seafloor itself.To address this gap,a seafloor vibration sensor system was developed and applied in this study that consists of an autonomous acquisition storage terminal,soft-ware platform,and hole-plugging device that was designed to record the blasting vibration intensities received through submarine rocks at a given measurement point.Additionally,dimensional analyses were used to derive a predictive equation for the strength of blast vibrations that considered the in-fluence of the water depth.By combining reliable vibration data obtained using the sensor system in submarine rock and the developed predictive equation,it was determined that the water depth was an important factor influencing the measured vibration strength.The results using the newly derived equation were compared to those determined using the Sadowski equation,which is commonly used on land,and it was found that predictions using the derived equation were closer to the experimental values with an average error of less than 10％,representing a significant improvement.Based on these results,the developed sensor system and preliminary theoretical basis was deemed suitable for studying the propagation behavior of submarine seismic waves generated by underwater drilling and blasting operations.     

新型双向流量计流固参数特性仿真及试验

导磁体小球的受力平衡特性直接影响到新型双向流量计的测量精度。为了研究导磁体小球在同轴环形轨道中运行的平衡性及流体密度和导磁体几何参数对其运动平衡性的影响,首先通过理论分析了同轴环面流道内导磁体小球在旋转轨道内的运动平衡性条件并建立了流固耦合模型,然后采用 Ansys workbench 中的最优化算法根据小球平衡条件进行小球运动平衡特性仿真,再根据样机进行小球平衡性实验研究,最后进行了被测液体密度变化和小球半径变化对小球运动平衡性影响的仿真分析。结果表明：小球运行平衡转速随流体密度增大而增大,也随小球半径的增大而增大。     

舰船维修Hedonic价格指数模型的构建

针对舰船维修具有的异质性特点导致“纯样本匹配法”并不适用于舰船维修价格指数编制的问题,首先提出采用特征价格理论,选取舰船维修特征属性并给出了量化处理原则;然后,利用合并数据特征价格建模方法,建立了舰船维修线性Hedonic价格指数模型,并针对线性模型拟合精度不高等问题,通过多种形式的Box-Cox转换,构建了舰船维修的非线性Hedonic价格指数模型,得出了舰船维修Hedonic价格指数,以反映舰船维修的“纯价格变化”趋势.最后,与通过“纯样本匹配法”获取的价格指数进行比较,并解释了二者的差异性.     

Impact of tax reduction policies on consumer purchase of new automobiles: An analytical investigation with real data‐based experiments

We investigate and compare the impact of the tax reduction policies implemented in the United States and China to stimulate consumer purchase of new automobiles and improve manufacturers' profits. The U.S. policy provides each qualifying consumer with a federal income tax deduction on state and local sales and excise taxes paid on the purchase price (up to a cutoff level), whereas the Chinese policy reduces the vehicle sales tax rate for consumers. We observe that these policy designs are consistent with the tax management system and the economic environment in the respective country. We analytically determine the effects of the two tax reduction policies on the automobile sales and the manufacturer's and the retailer's profits. Numerical examples are then used to provide insights on the importance of certain factors that influence the effects of the two policies. Finally, a numerical experiment with sensitivity analysis based on real data is conducted to compare the merits and characteristics of the two policies under comparable conditions. We find that the U.S. policy is better than the Chinese policy in stimulating the sales of high‐end automobiles, whereas the Chinese policy is better than the U.S. policy in improving the sales of low‐end automobiles. The U.S. policy is slightly more effective in increasing the profitability of the automobile supply chain; but, in general, the Chinese policy is more cost effective. The methodology developed herein can be used to evaluate other tax reduction policies such as those related to the purchase of energy‐saving vehicles and to serve as a decision model to guide the choice of alternative tax reduction policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 577–598, 2014     

基于接收机钟差约束的地基伪卫星导航改进方法

采用地基伪卫星对飞行器进行导航时,由于布站场地有限不可避免地会出现定位构型差的情况,当仅用伪距和伪距变率进行定位定速时,若采用典型的单历元卫星定位定速算法,那么对飞行器的定位定速精度就会比较差。通过分析发现,地基伪卫星导航系统用户接收机钟差和钟差变率的求取不准确很大程度上影响了定位定速精度。针对这种情况,提出了通过提高地基伪卫星接收机钟差和钟差变率的求解精度来提高定位定速精度的方法。首先根据接收机钟差和钟差变率的模型得到它们的观测方程,然后将其加入到单历元定位定速方程组中参与定位定速解算,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

复杂系统故障安全风险评价方法

复杂系统的安全风险涉及面广、影响因素多,因此需要系统的、可操作的方法来指导安全风险的评价过程。在系统的各类安全风险中,故障安全风险是由各种故障导致系统发生事故的风险,是最常见的系统安全问题,因此针对复杂系统的故障安全风险评价开展研究。复杂系统故障安全风险评价需要明确的评价参数和评价方法的支持,为此提出了复杂系统故障安全风险评价的流程、分层次的评价参数体系及评价方法,并通过示例来具体说明故障安全风险的评价过程,为解决复杂系统的故障安全风险评价问题提出了可行的思路。     

一种可扩展的Cyber空间作战体系描述模型

研究了Cyber空间作战体系模型构建技术,提出一种面向Cyber空间作战模拟的战争系统建模新思路,并以此为基础提出了Cyber空间作战体系一体化逻辑网络模型。将Cyber空间作战涉及到的敌我双方作战实体视为一个整体系统的组分,抽象为网络模型的实体节点,实体间的各种合作、协同、对抗等不同类型交互行为统一抽象为网络模型的逻辑边。针对网络模型的节点和边分别建立了基于本体的实体描述模型和基于OO-LAMBDA语言的行为描述模型。通过一个真实战例的仿真实验验证了本文提出的方法的有效性和正确性。     

信息系统体系作战弹药保障能力评估

弹药信息化是武器装备信息化的重要组成部分,直接影响战斗力的生成。如何分析、评估保障单位在信息系统体系作战弹药信息化保障能力的建设水平,对我军信息化建设至关重要。在分析影响弹药信息化保障能力形成的主要因素的基础上,构建了符合我军弹药信息化保障能力特点的评估指标体系,提出了一种基于主成分和集对分析法综合分析的基于信息系统体系作战弹药信息化保障能力评估方法,通过该方法可求得指标权重,最终获得被评估单位弹药信息化保障能力的整体建设水平。结合实例分析,验证构建的评估模型能够用于我军基于信息系统体系作战弹药信息化保障能力的评估,进一步为如何提高弹药信息化保障能力提供技术指导。     

协议不相关的未知协议比特流特征提取方法研究

为从协议不相关角度提取未知协议比特流的特征值,分别从比特流中的比特0和1的频数、连续比特0和1的出现频率、固定长度分块内的比特0和1的比特频数、比特流0和1的随机游动最大偏移以及比特流0和1进行傅里叶变换后的峰值高度出发,定义了码元频数统计特征值、游程统计特征值、块内频数统计特征值、累加和统计特征值以及离散傅里叶变换统计特征值作为比特流特征向量参数.在HTTP、DNS、ICMP及TELNET数据集上的实验结果表明:采用本方法获得的未知协议比特流特征参数具有良好的可区分性,为进一步实现未知协议比特流聚类奠定了基础.     

基于粒子群算法的H_∞混合灵敏度控制研究

针对步进电机存在负载摄动和失步超步问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的混合灵敏度设计方法。在H∞混合灵敏度约束下,采用粒子群算法寻找能够反映系统特性的适应度函数最优值,在搜索到合适的加权阵基础上,利用Matlab得到了H∞最优控制器,并利用优化控制器对步进电机进行控制仿真实验。实验结果表明：该系统具有响应快速平稳、抗负载扰动强等特点。