论教育契约关系

随着我国教育办学体制的改革,在义务教育之外的教育主体与受教育者之间形成了有偿的教育契约关系,双方成为法律地位平等的契约当事人.有偿教育契约关系既受教育法调整,又受合同法的调整.对教育主体和受教育者发生的纠纷,应当依据这两个部门法的规定进行处理.     

兵器行业标准贯彻实施工作探讨

本文主要阐述了标准化的作用是通过对具体标准的贯彻实施得以实现的,标准贯彻实施工作主要包含标准贯彻实施研究和标准化业务培训两方面的内涵。"十二五"期间,兵器行业标准贯彻实施工作的重点应是选择国家标准、国家军用标准、兵器行业标准或其他标准中具有一定通用性、基础性特点的重大标准,相关专业技术领域中的重大技术标准,以及与武器装备科研、生产配套的技术管理等方面的标准,进行标准贯彻实施研究和标准化业务培训工作。     

美国科技动员发展的主要特点

科学技术作为构成战争实力的重要因素,已为越来越多的国家所认识,为保障战争对科学技术的需求,科技动员成为战争动员的重要内容。美国一贯十分重视科学技术力量在战争中的巨大作用,通过采取各种政策措施,有力地推动其科技动员向前发展。     

Equivalent accelerated life testing plans for log‐location‐scale distributions

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is widely used to determine the failure time distribution of a product and the associated life‐stress relationship in order to predict the product's reliability under normal operating conditions. Many types of stress loadings such as constant‐stress, step‐stress and cyclic‐stress can be utilized when conducting ALT. Extensive research has been conducted on the analysis of ALT data obtained under a specified stress loading. However, the equivalency of ALT experiments involving different stress loadings has not been investigated. In this article, a log‐location‐scale distribution under Type I censoring is considered in planning ALT. An idea is provided for the equivalency of various ALT plans involving different stress loadings. Based on this idea, general equivalent ALT plans and some special types of equivalent ALT plans are explored. For demonstration, a constant‐stress ALT and a ramp‐stress ALT for miniature lamps are presented and their equivalency is investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

浅析企业标准化与企业核心竞争力的关系

在日趋激烈的国际市场竞争中,有的企业经不起市场竞争的考验被淘汰出局;有的企业却在市场竞争的锤炼下日益壮大,长盛不衰。究其原因我们不难发现企业有无核心竞争力是其关键因素。企业要在经济全球化大潮中立于不败之地,就必须着手建立核心竞争力。然而许多企业只注重有形资源投入,而忽视了无形资源的建设,特别是企业标准化,这一提高企业核心竞争力的有力手段的运用。本文就标准化与核心竞争力的关系作浅显的分析。     

信息化战场指挥决策应突出增强“三性”

随着信息技术的不断发展和在军事领域的广泛运用,信息化战场将成为未来作战的主战场,作战指挥决策也将面临新的要求与挑战。文章从合理运用思维、综合运用各种方法和优化指挥机制体制等三个方面进行论述,旨在增强信息化战场指挥决策的敏锐性、科学性和时效性。     

Reliability inference for field conditions from accelerated degradation testing

Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) is usually conducted under deterministic stresses such as constant‐stress, step‐stress, and cyclic‐stress. Based on ADT data, an ADT model is developed to predict reliability under normal (field) operating conditions. In engineering applications, the “standard” approach for reliability prediction assumes that the normal operating conditions are deterministic or simply uses the mean values of the stresses while ignoring their variability. Such an approach may lead to significant prediction errors. In this paper, we extend an ADT model obtained from constant‐stress ADT experiments to predict field reliability by considering the stress variations. A case study is provided to demonstrate the proposed statistical inference procedure. The accuracy of the procedure is verified by simulation using various distributions of field stresses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

多处理机系统中的宏任务并行

多处理机系统是巨型机的发展方向。宏任务是在多处理机系统上用来加快程序执行的一条主要途径。文中介绍了宏任务并行,描述了宏任务的实现,讨论了编译器和操作系统的支持。最后解释了宏任务的一个程序。     

多处理机系统的微任务并行

本文讨论微任务技术及其在多机系统上的实现。微任务技术使得一个程序能在循环和语句块一级并行执行,它的显著特点是系统开销较小、效率较高,适应于小粒度并行。     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.