The financing factor in military trade

Available sources value transfers of weapons irrespective of whether they are paid for and how. Data from the U.S. indicates that the shares of arms given for free or on credit are high. If other arms exporters, all military aid and all credits used for military purposes are considered, which is done here on the basis of rough estimates and an opportunity cost model, the true cash costs of weapons in the year of the actual transfer are small. On the other hand, the financial burden of earlier arms imports via debt service has grown over time. It most probably exceeded the true cash cost of imports of arms in the late 1980s. Large differences between arms transfer data and the actual true costs of arms transfers means that analysis of the economic effects of arms imports without considering these financial aspects makes little sense.     

Defence Procurement Policy: The Way Ahead

Abstract

The Defence Procurement Executive is the single largest customer of British industry and controls some 127 000 contracts. As Chief of Defence Procurement, Dr McIntosh explains the effects of expanding market forces on defence contracts and the suppliers, before continuing to outline the prospects for future competitive contracts in view of the recent cuts in defence budgets.     

A PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL BASE IN SPAIN

This study analyses the performance of the productivity of the main industrial subsectors composing the security and defence technological and industrial base (SDTIB) in Spain from 1996 to 2009. Accordingly, we have used the non-parametric data envelopment analysis and bootstrapping techniques to compute Malmquist productivity indexes that allow us to split productivity growth into efficiency change and technical progress. The results obtained show productivity improvement in the SDTIB as a whole due mainly to advances in technology and to a lesser extent to the contribution of technical efficiency. The bootstrap approach yields further evidence, as for many cases, productivity growth or decline, is not statistically significant. This is the first time a study of this kind has been carried out on the production process of this sector in Spain.     

防空导弹仿真软件模型验证方法研究

研究了防空导弹仿真软件模型验证方法,建立仿真模型验证流程,采用平滑化、归一化等方法,对试验数据进行预处理,运用图示比较、系数分析、窗谱密度估计等方法对模型进行了验证.将实物试验数据结果与相同初始条件下的仿真试验结果进行了一致性检验,并给出定量分析结果,从而验证仿真软件模型的置信度,为防空导弹仿真软件模型验证提供了一种较为有效的方法和途径.     

海军舰艇编队防空导弹协同作战技术研究

主要以信息化条件下如何提升海军舰艇编队防空导弹作战能力为背景,重点描述协同指挥和协同制导作战的概念内涵、国内外研究现状、作战模式、主要实现的功能,给出不同指挥层次下各指挥节点的体系结构和功能定位,进而从信息场和功能界面等方面说明协同指挥和协同制导2个功能层次的区别.     

熵权灰色关联分析法的坦克夜间射击目标选择

针对夜间战场上坦克目标威胁评估问题,结合多目标决策问题,将熵权和灰色关联分析法相结合,提出一种基于熵权灰色关联分析的坦克夜间射击目标选择模型,并详细给出了该算法的思想、算法.该方法克服了传统评估算法中主观赋值的缺陷,最后利用实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于点云配准的室内移动机器人6自由度位姿估计

针对移动机器人在室内环境下难以获取GPS定位信息,仅靠自身惯导不能得到精确位姿的问题,提出了一种基于RGB-D传感器获取三维环境点云,对连续点云提取特征并进行配准的移动机器人6自由度位姿估计方法.首先通过RGB-D传感器获取环境深度图像,根据特征提取算法提取点云特征;然后以特征点为配准点,运用随机一致性采样(RANdom SAmple Consensus,RANSAC)算法对点云进行初配准,剔除部分错误匹配点,获得初始变换矩阵;最后采用改进的迭代最近点(Iterative Closet Point,ICP)算法进行精配准,获得点云间的最终变换矩阵,实现位姿估计.实验结果表明:该方法有效地提高了大规模点云配准效率,得到了较精确的位姿估计信息.