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Nathan L. Cartagena 《Journal of Military Ethics》2017,16(3-4):157-172
Many contributors to military ethics from diverse locations and philosophical perspectives maintain that virtues are central to martial theory and practice. Yet several contemporary philosophers and psychologists have recently challenged the empirical adequacy of this perspective. Their challenge is known as the situationist critique, a version of which asserts that: (a) situational features rather than character traits such as virtues cause and explain human behavior, and (b) ethical theories and development programs are empirically inadequate to the extent that they incorporate virtues. In this paper, I assess the merit of this critique and consider some implications of my assessment for military practitioners and theorists. 相似文献
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Michael Kluth 《Defense & Security Analysis》2017,33(2):158-173
How have European cross-border defence industrial mergers and acquisitions affected domestic procurement bias among the major EU powers? This article departs from the findings of Andrew Moravcsik more than two decades ago suggesting that major West European states had no ingrained preferences for defence industrial autarchy. When cross-national armament projects were derailed, this could be attributed to political efforts of national defence industrial champions favouring purely domestic projects. As former national champions join pan-European defence groups, their preferences are likely modified. Does this shift procurement towards non-European “off-the-shelf” solutions which, according to Moravcsik, are favoured by defence departments? Or does it give impetus to a stronger preference for European as opposed to domestic systems? In this article, procurement patterns in the aftermath of cross-border defence industry consolidation will be analysed. Procurement bias is assessed in two industry segments characterised by pervasive consolidation. 相似文献
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When solving location problems in practice it is quite common to aggregate demand points into centroids. Solving a location problem with aggregated demand data is computationally easier, but the aggregation process introduces error. We develop theory and algorithms for certain types of centroid aggregations for rectilinear 1‐median problems. The objective is to construct an aggregation that minimizes the maximum aggregation error. We focus on row‐column aggregations, and make use of aggregation results for 1‐median problems on the line to do aggregation for 1‐median problems in the plane. The aggregations developed for the 1‐median problem are then used to construct approximate n‐median problems. We test the theory computationally on n‐median problems (n ≥ 1) using both randomly generated, as well as real, data. Every error measure we consider can be well approximated by some power function in the number of aggregate demand points. Each such function exhibits decreasing returns to scale. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 614–637, 2003. 相似文献
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优选科学合理的作战方案,是指挥员作战决策的关键。根据作战实际情况,运用五标度和六标度法量化了各因素对作战决策方案的影响指标,建立了基于多人层次分析法(GAHP)理论的优选作战决策方案数学模型,以从方案中选出作战效益最好、付出代价最小且最具可行性的方案,作为决策的具体行动依据。最后通过实例验证了模型的可操作性。GAHP方法能很好地运用不同决策者对方案的不同评价,形成最终决策,对作战指挥决策有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
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分析了舰船全寿命期和使用期的结构,在此基础上,借助于WSEIAC模型,分别对舰船空调系统在两种保障方式的全寿命使用期效能和费用的各个指标进行了建模,提出了指标计算的思路与计算方法.结合海军舰船特点,在对WSEIAC效能模型进行修改和完善的基础上,给出了计算示例,结果显示了海军舰船空调系统采用岸基保障方式的合理性和优越性. 相似文献
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