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451.
火灾预防和火灾扑救不仅仅是消防部门自身的职责,必须依靠社会综合力量,政府是处置各类突发事件的强势者。从北京沧达农工商公司草垛火灾谈起,对政府职责、单位消防安全责任、社会应急机制等存在的问题做了进一步阐述。 相似文献
452.
We consider the effects of cueing in a cooperative search mission that involves several autonomous agents. Two scenarios are discussed: one in which the search is conducted by a number of identical search‐and‐engage vehicles and one where these vehicles are assisted by a search‐only (reconnaissance) asset. The cooperation between the autonomous agents is facilitated via cueing, i.e., the information transmitted to the agents by a searcher that has just detected a target. The effect of cueing on the target detection probability is derived from first principles using a Markov chain analysis. In particular, it is demonstrated that the benefit of cueing on the system's effectiveness is bounded. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006 相似文献
453.
We investigate the problem of determining lot sizes for multiple items when the expected percentage of acceptable output increases with the duration of the production run, usually due to adjustments made during the early part of the production run. Such problems arise in metal stamping, textile finishing processes, and a variety of other industries. The goal is to minimize the total cost of production, inventory holding costs, and setup costs (where applicable). We develop a heuristic procedure based on a Lagrangian relaxation that differs from relaxations used in earlier studies. We use various properties of the objective function to guide the adjustment of the initial solution from the relaxation toward feasibility. Computational results indicate that, on the average, the heuristic produces solutions within 4.9% of the lower bound obtained from the Lagrangian relaxation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
454.
This article examines the ship-to-shore transfer of cargo from ships that are located offshore. In these situations, cargo is transferred from the ships to smaller craft, which in turn transport the cargo the remaining distance to shore. These craft cycle back and forth from the ship to the shore until the transfer is complete. Queueing of these craft often occurs, as they must wait at either the ship or the shore for a loading or unloading position to become free. Two different methods of modeling this ship-to-shore transfer of cargo are developed and applied. One is an analytic queueing model and the other is a more traditional simulation model. The analytic model is found to produce results quite similar to the simulation model. Examples are shown that use these models to analyze trade-offs between variables affecting the ship-to-shore transfer of cargo and the total time to transfer a given amount of cargo ashore. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
455.
The article presents a Bayesian analysis for the environmental stress screening problem. The decision problem of deriving optimal stress screen durations is solved. Given a screen duration, the optimal stress level can also be determined. Indicators of the quality of a screen of any duration are derived. A statistical model is presented which allows a posterior density for the rate of early failures of the production process to be calculated. This enables the user to update his opinion about the quality of the process. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
456.
Mark G. Tang 《海军后勤学研究》1993,40(5):677-696
In this article we solve and analyze a stochastic version of the Boiteux problem by employing the stochastic optimal control method. Our setup is close to that of Thompson [22]. Our focus is to analyze, under the same structure, how different production functions and how the variance in machine deterioration/maintenance affect our optimal machine maintenance and sale date decisions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
457.
458.
Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015 相似文献
459.
460.
Ana E. Juncos 《Contemporary Security Policy》2018,39(1):95-118
ABSTRACTAttempts to explain the failure to reform the security sectors in post-conflict countries have often resorted to two sets of explanatory factors: international and local factors. This article seeks to move from that unhelpful dichotomy to an explanation linking both factors. Drawing on a Foucauldian approach and the concept of “counter-conduct,” it examines the rationality and practices of European Union (EU) governmentality and how governing technologies are resisted and reversed by local elites involved in security sector reform (SSR). Instead of understanding power and resistance as binary opposites, this article argues that counter-conduct can be conceived as implicated in the very relations of power that it seeks to resist. To tease out these relations, the article analyzes the EU's efforts in SSR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where it identifies four forms of counter-conduct: upholding European standards, using the local ownership trap, simulating reforms, and lowering the bar. 相似文献