全文获取类型
收费全文 | 569篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
592篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 113篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 13篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 12篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
1967年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有592条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
461.
462.
A. S. Andreou K. E. Parsopoulos M. N. Vrahatis G. A. Zombanakis 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(4):329-347
The aim of this paper is to indicate the extent to which the arms race against Turkey, in which Greece and Cyprus have been entangled, imposes a defence expenditure burden that is tough for the two allies to bear. To do so we have resorted to evaluating the optimal military expenditure for the two countries, allied in the context of the Integrated Defence Doctrine, which is compatible with the constraints imposed by the resources of their economies. All experiments and scenarios examined lead to the conclusion that the current defence burden of the two allies seems to be driving their economies beyond capacity limits. The fact remains, however, that under the circumstances, a one-sided disarmament policy like the one currently followed by Greece, is a risky choice given that the long-term armament programmes pursued by Turkey, whose role in this arms race has been proven as leading, leave very small room to the Greek and Cypriot sides to reduce their own defence expenditure. 相似文献
463.
Gülay Günlük-Senesen 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(5):385-403
This paper investigates the budgetary trade-off structure of security (defence+internal security) expenditures in Turkey for the period 1983-1998. A modified version of Todaro's distributive share index of social welfare is used to quantify the impacts on the growth of primary budget expenditures of Security, Education, Health, General Administration, Infrastructure, and Social Services. We find that defence expenditures dominate overall security expenditures and are less affected in times of bottlenecks in the economy. A systematic pattern of negative budgetary trade-offs of security expenditures in terms of other components is not identified. We also analyse the expenditures of the Defence Industry Support Fund in an attempt to find the cost of the modernisation program to the economy. 相似文献
464.
UGURHAN G. BERKOK † 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(3):191-204
The choice between balanced and specialized defence forces depends on the technology of defence output (e.g. whether a force scope multiplier is present), the existence of scope and scale economies, the platform customization costs and, of course, the level of defence budgets. Minimum force element levels (thresholds), and scale economies facilitate specialization as opposed to scope economies (e.g. platform‐sharing), scale diseconomies and the force scope multiplier (e.g. defence weakest‐link technology). When a balanced force is not optimal, the option value of a non‐optimally maintained force element must also include the opportunity cost arising from suboptimal force elements. Shrinking defence budgets may produce two surprising phenomena. If some force elements are shut down as a result of thresholds, the surviving ones may increase in platform numbers as well as enjoying closer‐to‐most‐desirable platforms. Furthermore, if heritage force elements are shut down within the budget contraction environment, overall defence capability might rise. 相似文献
465.
Paul E Roitsch 《African Security Review》2014,23(1):3-16
From 2006 to 2011, al-Qaeda's East African proxy, al-Shabaab, served as the de facto ruling party of Somalia despite the efforts of the internationally recognised Transitional Federal Government (TFG). During these five years, a violent struggle between al-Shabaab and the peacekeeping force of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) resulted in thousands of dead civilians, hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons and a strategic environment inhospitable to reconciliation, recovery or development. By 2012, AMISOM was able to break the deadlock and force al-Shabaab from Mogadishu and Kismayo. In order to continue the momentum, the African Union and other partner nations must support the TFG in neutralising al-Shabaab throughout Somalia and providing good governance to its constituents. Al-Shabaab's revenue streams must be shut down and its offensive capability must be degraded while the strategic environment is shaped to ensure that conditions conducive to a revival do not exist. Failure to do so will likely see Somalia continuing to produce Islamist extremists and pirates to menace international maritime traffic in the western Indian Ocean, destabilise East Africa and adversely impact millions. 相似文献
466.
467.
R. H. Baker Christopher Dandeker Lawrence James G. Wyn Rees M. R. H. Uttley 《Defense & Security Analysis》1989,5(2):167-175
Soviet Nuclear Strategy from Stalin to Gorbachev: a Revolution in Soviet Military and Political Thinking. By Honore M. Catudal. Mansell, London (1988), ISBN 0–7201–2000–4, £25.00
The Military: More Than Just a Job? Edited by Charles C. Moskos and Frank R. Wood. Pergamon‐Brassey's, London (1988), ISBN 0–08–034321‐X, £17.00 ($30.00)
Douglas Haig, 1861–1928. By Gerard J. de Groot. Unwin Hyman, London (1988), ISBN 004 4401922, £20.00
Defence Policy Making. A Comparative Analysis. Edited by G. M. Dillon. Leicester University Press, Leicester (1988), ISBN 0–715–1268–5, £10.95
The Future of U.K. Air Power. Edited by P. Sabin. Brassey's, London (1988), ISBN 0–08–035825‐X (hardcover), 0–08–036256–7 (flexicover), hardcover £18.95 ($34.00), flexicover £9.95 ($17.95) 相似文献
468.
In this paper marginal investment costs are assumed known for two kinds of equipment stocks employed to supply telecommunications services: trunks and switching facilities. A network hierarchy is defined which includes important cases occurring in the field and also appearing in the literature. A different use of the classical concept of the marginal capacity of an additional trunk at prescribed blocking probability leads to a linear programming supply model which can be used to compute the sizes of all the high usage trunk groups. The sizes of the remaining trunk groups are approximated by the linear programming models, but can be determined more accurately by alternate methods once all high usage group sizes are computed. The approach applies to larger scale networks than previously reported in the literature and permits direct application of the duality theory of linear programming and its sensitivity analyses to the study and design of switched probabilistic communications networks with multiple busy hours during the day. Numerical results are presented for two examples based on field data, one of which having been designed by the multi-hour engineering method. 相似文献
469.
470.
Steven E. Shreve 《海军后勤学研究》1981,28(1):185-190
Let f1 and f2 map [0, T] into the real numbers. A system is following either f1 or f2 and earning the associated reward ∫ f1 or ∫ f2, respectively. It is possible at any time to switch from fi to fj by paying a switching cost b > 0. We determine a switching policy which maximizes the total reward. Conditions which guarantee a planning horizon are established. 相似文献