Vondrak-Cepek组合滤波在北斗共视和卫星双向时间比对融合中的应用

为减小卫星双向时间比对(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TWSTFT)中的周日效应,利用北斗共视链路没有周日效应的特点,通过Vondrak-Cepek组合滤波方法对中国科学院国家授时中心(National Time Service Center, NTSC)、德国物理技术研究院(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB)以及中国计量科学研究院(National Institute of Metrology, NIM)间的北斗共视时间比对结果分别与硬件卫星时间和距离测量设备(SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment, SATRE) TWSTFT和软件接收机(Software-Defined Radio, SDR)TWSTFT结果进行了融合处理。采用时间偏差和幅值频谱两个指标以及GPS精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning, PPP)时间比对分别对融合结果进行内外符合评估。结果表明,经过Vondrak-Cepek滤波的融合结果中周日效应基本消失,其与GPS PPP链路差值结果的绝对值保持在链路校准的不确定度范围内。对于长基线NTSC-PTB链路,融合结果1 d的时间偏差稳定度对SATRE和SDR TWSTFT的增益因子分别为1.85和1.81;对于短基线NTSC-NIM链路,融合结果对SATRE和SDR TWSTFT的增益因子分别为1.69和1.59。融合结果的短期稳定度显著提高。     

一种基于可用性的战术通信子网评估方法

针对战术通信子网可用性建模,利用马尔可夫方法对单网可用性模型进行了数学分析,采用蒙特卡洛仿真法进行验证,并给出了一种考虑了战术层级特点以及节点权重的通信网可用性仿真模型,计算可用性参数来对系统做出可用性评估.实验结果表明,该仿真方法具有一定的有效性和可用性,为战术通信网可用性评估提供了新的思路及参考方法.     

基于智慧校园建设推进军队院校教育现代化路径探究

教育信息化是教育现代化的基本内涵和显著特征。当前,我国正处于由基本实现教育现代化迈向整体实现教育现代化的重要战略期,国家教育从理论和实践层面进行了大量探索。在军队院校教育领域,教育技术应用、训练管理领域网络建设、数字校园建设等均为军队院校教育现代化奠定了创新发展基础,智能教育应用模式的改革探索也为军队院校教育现代化描绘了未来建设愿景。本文认为,推进军队院校教育现代化应发挥智慧校园建设平台的基础作用,充分融入国家教育体系,注重以先进教育理念驱动创新发展、以前沿信息技术提供解决方案、以总体架构设计规范目标功能、以智慧育人环境承载应用服务、以数据资源体系孕育智慧生态,走开军委军种院校三级联动推动创新发展的路子。     

【专题】“无人系统自主性与智能化”专题编者按

地空协同无人系统作为新质跨域智能作战力量已成为世界强国开展军事技术竞争的前沿方向。本文首先总结了地空协同无人系统的概念、功能及发展目标,分析了世界主要国家制定的专项规划,从形成智能作战体系、改变战场攻防平衡及全面提高作战效能三个方面阐述了地空协同无人系统对未来战争的重大意义;其次,针对其面临的环境复杂、资源受限和平台异构等约束条件,从分布式态势认知、适应性智能导航及异构系统协同控制等方面总结了地空协同无人系统需要突破的关键技术;最后,为应对智能化战争挑战,从技术瓶颈、平台建设及政策支持等方面提出发展建议。该研究可为地空协同无人系统在国防科技领域的研究、应用和发展提供参考。     

【专题】智能化装备检测能力建设研究

装备检测是装备性能监测、故障预测和诊断、健康管理、战斗力评估和再生的基础和前提。随着大数据、云计算、智能算法、智能芯片等智能化技术的突破性发展,军事智能化时代已经在全球兴起,并驱动装备体系向信息化、智能化方向发展。针对信息化、智能化装备综合性强、技术性高、战斗力强及结构复杂等特点,本文首先给出了装备检测的意义,然后分析了智能化装备检测面临的问题,最后从构建科学化规范化装备检测标准、智能化检测系统、多样化检测方法、智能化数据处理和智能化检测人才队伍建设五个方面给出智能化装备检测能力建设的意见和措施,以期为未来军队智能化装备检测能力建设提供一定的科学理论支撑。     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

Pressure relief of underground ammunition storage under missile accidental ignition

Safety of underground ammunition storage is an important issue, especially during the accidental ignition of missiles. This work investigates the pressure and temperature distribution of the multi-layer underground ammunition storage with a pressure relief duct during the accidental ignition process of the missile. A large-scale experiment was carried out using a multi-layered restricted space with a pressure relief duct to simulate the underground ammunition store and a solid rocket motor to simulate the accidental ignition of the missile. The results show that when the motor gas mass flow increased by 5.6 times, the maximum pressure of the ammunition storage increased by 5.87 times. At a certain motor flow rate, when the pressure relief exhaust area at the end of the relief duct was reduced by 1/2, the maximum pressure on the first layer did not change. But the rate of pressure relief was reduced and the time delayed for the pressure of ammunition store to drop to zero. In this experiment, when the motor ignition position was located in to the third layer ammunition chamber, the maximum pressure was reduced by 32.9％ and also reduced the rate of change of pressure. In addition, for the experimental conditions, the theoretical analysis of the pressure relief of the ammunition storage is given by a simplified model. Based on the findings, some suggestions to the safety protection design of ammunition store are proposed.     

基于遗传算法的航空兵出动架次计算方法

针对航空兵出动架次计算问题,基于资源受限项目调度理论进行问题描述和建模,以给定兵力对目标任务的最大出动架次为效能指标,分析影响因素和约束条件,建立了问题数学模型.根据问题模型特点,采用遗传算法进行求解,针对染色体编码问题,设计了一种扩展任务列表编码方法;针对初始解集求解问题,提出了一种基于优先规则的出动架次分配算法.并构建了航空兵出动架次计算仿真算例对问题模型和求解算法进行验证,实验结果表明,所提模型和算法能够有效求解大规模航空兵出动架次计算问题.     

陆战平台分布式综合模块化系统架构建模方法

分布式综合模块化系统架构,成为航空应用领域的主流架构和发展趋势.我国空军已进行了分布式综合模块化系统架构研究设计和仿真评估,但缺乏系统级的架构优劣评估.兵器领域已将综合模块化系统架构应用于型号项目中,但在分布式综合模块化架构方面,尚未在具体项目中应用.针对分布式综合模块化系统架构缺乏系统级评估手段的问题,提出一种陆战平台分布式综合模块化系统架构建模方法.根据系统架构评估需求,建立不同层级实体的模型及约束,分别对应陆战平台信息控制系统的业务层、操作系统分区层、模块层、子系统层、系统层;在层级划分的基础上,定义各层级模型的属性;通过对评估指标中的综合度、耦合度进行评估计算,对系统架构建模方法进行验证.系统架构建模方法为系统架构评估提供了一种参考.     

分布式指挥条件下作战方案模糊优选方法

分布式指挥是指各级各类指挥实体,在异地分散配置的状态下,依托网络化的指挥信息系统,进行的指挥控制活动.实现分布式指挥的关键是不确定性指挥信息的精确表达,并以此为基础构建相应的指挥信息融合方法.通过将此过程中的作战方案模糊优选问题建模为概率犹豫模糊环境下、属性权重未知的多属性决策问题,为异地分散配置的指挥实体快速达成共识提供适宜的信息描述工具,并构建基于客观赋权的分布式指挥信息融合方法.数值结果表明,给出的两种指挥信息融合方法能得到一致的排序结果.