Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market

We consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

求解非对称线性方程组的 s-BiCR算法

在BiCR算法的基础上,提出了求解非对称线性方程组的s-BiCR算法。首先,给出了s-BiCR的基本计算框架,介绍了算法基本原理及参数求解方法;其次,通过分析s-BiCR中剩余向量与方向向量序列的基本性质,推导出减少参数求解计算量的方法,并在此基础上提出了一种更为高效的s-BiCR算法;最后,证明了s-BiCR的正确性,即在第i步产生的近似解与BiCR第is步产生的近似解是一致的,同时,通过性能分析发现,s-BiCR的同步通信次数与访存次数明显少于BiCR,说明该算法具有很好的并行特性和数据本地性。大量实验验证了s-BiCR的高效性和正确性。     

空间预警视线系统误差对弹道导弹预警精度估计分析与研究

在空间预警系统中,为了降低系统预警精度受视线测量系统误差的影响,必须对仪器进行定标,因此需要深入对视线误差进行讨论。本文在对视线误差深入研究的基础上,从理论上讨论了视线误差对发射点、射向、落点估计结果的影响,得出系统误差变化率是影响预警结果的重要因素之一,并针对常值系统误差、线性系统误差以及周期系统误差进行了相应的预警仿真计算,从而为几何定标方案的确定提供支持。     

任意多边形的非结构网格快速生成算法研究

对于包含大尺度运动边界的CFD数值模拟,网格重构是其中的关键,快速稳定的网格生成技术是其中的重要组成部分。建立了基于有向边的适用于任意多边形的快速三角初始化算法;证明了最长边剖分网格细化算法在一定条件下发散,并结合Delaunay边交换技术使细化算法封闭;建立了基于顶点弹簧理论的网格优化方法,以提高网格生成的质量。结果表明,算法具有较好的鲁棒性和高效性。     

20世纪20-30年代黄河流域农民离村问题研究

20世纪20-30年代,中国农民离村人数激增。农民大量离村,实质上是农村劳动力流失、农业生产力遭受严重破坏、农村社会趋于崩溃的反映,它动摇了国民经济的基础,加剧了时局的动荡,在当时引起了全社会的关注。 黄河流域是我国农业生产的主要区域之一,此区域内的农民离村现象,在当时全国范围内具有典型意义。通过对它的研究,不仅可以了解其时北方农村的社会现实,亦可管窥全国之一斑。     

基于tms320f240的转子磁链定向控制

介绍了基于tms320f240的转子磁链定向控制系统的硬件及软件构成,重点分析了其软件实现过程中需考虑的主要问题,并给出了相应解决方法.根据此控制方案进行了实验,实验结果显示,该控制可以取得较好的效果.     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。     

汽车工业绿色再制造的开发与应用

绿色再制造工程是一种适应生态及经济需要的再循环形式,再制造业是一个新兴的产业。旧汽车的超期服役和处理将会给社会和环境带来巨大危害,推行汽车的绿色再制造工程是解决废旧汽车引发社会公害问题的重要途径,其相当部分的废旧零部件经再制造后可以重新使用,再制造产品的性能等同或优于新品:而另一些废的零部件则以材料的形式综合回收利用。汽车的绿色再制造工程对于节约资源和保护环境,推动社会、经济、环境的协调发展具有十分重要而又长远的现实意义。     

Designing a screening experiment for highly reliable products

Within a reasonable life‐testing time, how to improve the reliability of highly reliable products is one of the great challenges to today's manufacturers. By using a resolution III experiment together with degradation test, Tseng, Hamada, and Chiao (1995) presented an interesting case study of improving the reliability of fluorescent lamps. However, in conducting such an experiment, they did not address the problem of how to choose the optimal settings of variables, such as sample size, inspection frequency, and termination time for each run, which are influential to the correct identification of significant factors and the experimental cost. Assuming that the product's degradation paths satisfy Wiener processes, this paper proposes a systematic approach to the aforementioned problem. First, an intuitively appealing identification rule is proposed. Next, under the constraints of a minimum probability of correct decision and a maximum probability of incorrect decision of the proposed identification rule, the optimum test plan (including the determinations of inspection frequency, sample size, and termination time for each run) can be obtained by minimizing the total experimental cost. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 514–526, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10024     

Minimizing weighted earliness and tardiness penalties in single‐machine scheduling with idle time permitted

In this paper, a single‐machine scheduling problem with weighted earliness and tardiness penalties is considered. Idle time between two adjacent jobs is permitted and due dates of jobs could be unequal. The dominance rules are utilized to develop a relationship matrix, which allows a branch‐and‐bound algorithm to eliminate a high percentage of infeasible solutions. After combining this matrix with a branching strategy, a procedure to solve the problem is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 760–780, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10039