Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

Background dominant colors extraction method based on color image quick fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm

A quick and accurate extraction of dominant colors of background images is the basis of adaptive camouflage design. This paper proposes a Color Image Quick Fuzzy C-Means (CIQFCM) clustering algorithm based on clustering spatial mapping. First, the clustering sample space was mapped from the image pixels to the quantized color space, and several methods were adopted to compress the amount of clustering samples. Then, an improved pedigree clustering algorithm was applied to obtain the initial class centers. Finally, CIQFCM clustering algorithm was used for quick extraction of dominant colors of background image. After theoretical analysis of the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm, several experiments were carried out to discuss the selection of proper quantization intervals and to verify the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm. The results indicated that the value of quantization intervals should be set to 4, and the proposed algorithm could improve the clustering efficiency while maintaining the clustering effect. In addition, as the image size increased from 128 × 128 to 1024 × 1024, the efficiency improvement of CIQFCM algorithm was increased from 6.44 times to 36.42 times, which demonstrated the significant advantage of CIQFCM algorithm in dominant colors extraction of large-size images.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of interface properties of Ti6Al4V/CP-Ti/Copper composite plate prepared by explosive welding

Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries. This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods. Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process. In this paper, the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer. Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope. Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices. Moreover, the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of Cu–Ti, i.e. CuTi, Cu₂Ti, CuTi₂, Cu₄Ti, etc. To study the mechanical properties of composite plates, mechanical tests were conducted, including the tensile test, bending test, shear test and Vickers hardness test. Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method, Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The multi-physics process of explosive welding, including detonation, jetting and interface morphology, was observed with simulation. Moreover, simulated plastic strain, temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions. Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates. At the collision point, both alloys behave like fluids, resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

光滑物体表面反射光偏振特征分析及反射光分离技术

物体表面反射光由镜面反射光和漫反射光组成,针对光滑物体表面镜面反射光和漫反射光的分离问题,建立了一个结合镜面反射和漫反射共同作用的偏振态表征模型,并使用该模型对混合反射区域偏振特征进行分析。基于镜面反射光和漫反射光的偏振特征,根据镜面反射光和漫反射光在光滑物体表面垂直方向及平行方向上的分布关系,采用偏振正交分解的方法实现了镜面反射成分和漫反射成分的求解。利用镜面反射光图像和漫反射光图像之间的相关性,通过梯度下降算法得到镜面反射成分和漫反射成分归一化互相关最小值及其对应的镜面反射偏振度和漫反射偏振度,从而实现反射光的分离。通过对不同场景中获取的反射光图像进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的反射光分离效果。     

自由环境下网络数据采集与分析

以小波分析的原理与算法为基础提出一种新的自由环境下网络数据采集与分析方法,使用这种方法可以监测网络的状态、数据流动情况以及网络上传递的信息。当信息以数据流的形式在网络上传输时,在互联网的入口处设置监测系统,便可以源源不断地将网上传输的信息截获。通过该监控技术可以任意采集和分析因特网上的各种信息,如网页访问http,电子邮件email,Telnet,Ftp等,以及这些信息中的用户名和密码,并对采集到的数据进行分析和还原。一旦发现有黑客行为、恐怖分子信息、邪教信息、反民族信息等非法信息,技术系统会自动捕获,并将有关的信息(包括:非法信息来源的IP地址、目的地址等)发送至监控中心,监控中心根据需要可通过功能设定,对非法可疑的IP地址锁定实施24小时自动跟踪。从而及时发现网络犯罪,保护网络与信息安全。     

基于深度学习的战役初始态势认知方法

战役初始态势不仅影响着整个战役进程,而且对战役筹划的影响也极为显著。以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术突飞猛进,为我们利用人工智能技术实现自动识别复杂的战役初始态势、模拟战役指挥员的经验知识带来了契机,作者就此问题进行初步探索性研究。对战役初始态势的概念及其类型进行了介绍,探讨了基于深度学习的战役初始态势认知模型构建,对模型构建步骤、输入和输出的设计进行了探讨,对卷积神经网络的基本思想、结构、训练进行了介绍,在示例中介绍了样本数据的录入程序、卷积神经网络的具体结构与应用程序,验证了方法的可行性与有效性。所提出的战役初始态势认知方法可以在一定程度上获得指挥员对战役初始态势的经验知识。     

一致光滑Banach空间中一类非线性算子方程的解

证明了一个新的锐角原理,在不使用连续性条件的情况下,给出了在一致光滑Banach空间中一类非线性算子方程的可解性定理。     

复杂电磁环境下组网雷达的作战效能建模

针对战场电磁环境日益复杂的趋势,研究了复杂电磁环境组网雷达的作战效能评估问题。依据干扰环境下组网雷达的工作机理,分别建立了基于独立观测的组网雷达目标融合发现模型、基于不同干扰强度的组网雷达目标定位模型和基于信息融合的组网雷达多目标跟踪模型。