Fullerene bisadduct stabilizers: The effect of different addition positions on inhibiting the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose absorbed nitroglycerin

To explore the effect of different positions and number of pyrrolidine bound to the carbon cage on the stabilization effect of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to nitrocellulose (NC)/nitroglycerine (NG), we synthesized N-(4-methoxy) phenylpyrrolidine-C₆₀ and four different of bis(N-(4-methoxy) phenylpyrrolidine)-C₆₀ compounds through Prato reaction. Their structures were characterized by UV–vis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their stabilization effect to NC/NG were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, methyl violet, vacuum stabilization effect, weight loss, and accelerating rate calorimeter tests. The results indicated these compounds had excellent stabilization effect to NC/NG. The stabilization effect of the fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts to NC/NG is significantly better than that of fulleropyrrolidine monoadduct and C₆₀. Moreover, the position where pyrrolidine binds to fullerene in fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts is different, and its stabilization effect to NC is also different. The stabilization effect order of different bisadduct isomers to nitrocellulose is as follows: e-edge > trans-2> cis-2> trans-3. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and FT-IR were used to study the stabilization mechanism of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to NC/NG. The EPR results also show that fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts with different addition sites have different abilities to absorb nitroxide, and their ability is better than that of the monoadduct and C₆₀, which is consistent with the results of stabilization effect performance test.     

Chain damage effects of multi-spaced plates by reactive jet impact

Chain damage is a new phenomenon that occurs when a reactive jet impacts and penetrates multi-spaced plates.The reactive jet produces mechanical perforations on the spaced plates by its kinetic energy(KE),and then results in unusual chain rupturing effects and excessive structural damage on the spaced plates by its deflagration reaction.In the present study,the chain damage behavior is initially demonstrated by experiments.The reactive liners,composed of 26 wt％Al and 74 wt％PTFE,are fabricated through a pressing and sintering process.Three reactive liner thicknesses of 0.08 CD,0.10 CD and 0.12 CD(charge diameter)are chosen to carry out the chain damage experiments.The results show a chain rupturing phenomenon caused by reactive jet.The constant reaction delay time and the different penetration velocities of reactive jets from liners with different thicknesses result in the variation of the deflagration position,which consequently determines the number of ruptured plates behind the armor.Then,the finite-element code AUTODYN-3D has been used to simulate the kinetic energy only-induced rupturing effects on plates,based on the mechanism of behind armor debris(BAD).The significant discrepancies between simulations and experiments indicate that one enhanced damage mechanism,the behind armor blast(BAB),has acted on the ruptured plates.Finally,a theoretical model is used to consider the BAB-induced enhancement,and the analysis shows that the rupturing area on aluminum plates depends strongly upon the KE only-induced pre-perforations,the mass of reactive materials,and the thickness of plates.     

基于多智能体的油料保障组织机构设计

组织是油料保障系统问题的重要方面,Agent组织是一种有效的组织结构设计方法。将π演算和化学抽象机分别运用到军队油料保障组织结构的形成和设计过程,对MAS(Multi-agent systems)组织结构进行设计,并给出了应用示例,该设计方法对油料保障组织机构设计研究有重要的意义。     

用于纯方位机动目标跟踪的机动探测法

假设目标在某时刻发生折线机动,并且目标在机动前后都是做匀速直线运动。所提出的机动探测算法通过探测这种变化得到探测时刻。这种算法是基于对方位预测误差的均值变化进行分析的。然后估计出目标机动时刻,并从机动时刻起重新设置滤波器,估计出目标机动后的运动参数。典型的机动TMA态势仿真结果表明,该算法对于一般的目标折线机动可以有效地进行跟踪。     

避雷针保护范围的图形仿真与图解法分析

针对避雷针设计过程中计算公式过于复杂的问题,提出了利用平面几何作图求解避雷针联合保护范围的方法,给出了单支、双支和四支避雷针保护范围的作图解题步骤,并利用计算机图形仿真,给出了避雷针保护范围的空间结构图形。     

基于方位线性预测的远距离目标机动检测方法

随着拖曳线列阵声纳的应用,水下声探测的范围成倍增大,纯方位目标定位与跟踪技术面临严峻的挑战,特别是在对抗条件下的目标机动检测与跟踪问题难度更大。本文针对基于拖曳线列阵声纳探测的远距离目标机动检测问题,通过对以往纯方位目标机动检测方法的适用性分析,结合远距离目标方位变化的特点,提出了基于方位序列线性预测的累积和机动检测模型,解决了远距离、大误差、纯方位量测条件下的目标机动检测问题。实验室仿真验证结果表明,算法对幅度稍大的目标转向机动,具有较灵敏的机动检测效果及较强的鲁棒性。     

多自治系统关联的级联失效模型建立和分析

为分析级联失效对互联网性能的影响,基于互联网由多自治系统关联的现实,模拟自治系统间的负载均衡,建立了多自治系统关联的级联失效模型。在此基础上定义了分别由强连接关系和弱连接关系组成的2种多自治系统关联网络,并分析了域间流量引起的级联失效对网络性能造成的影响。结果表明:存在引发级联失效的域间流量比例临界值;级联失效发生后,弱连接网络以吞吐量下降为主,强连接网络以负载增加为主。     

滑翔弹最优弹道设计存在的问题及解决方法

最大滑翔距离是滑翔弹最重要的战技指标之一.根据现有理论,滑翔弹按照最大升阻比飞行的弹道是具有最大滑翔距离的最优弹道.滑翔弹实现最大升阻比飞行的控制策略有升阻力系数表达式法和升阻比搜索法,针对这两种方法的不足,根据工程经验,提出一种计算量小、结构简单的新方法.以某型号滑翔弹为仿真用例,仿真结果证明了新方法的可行性和有效性;对不同类型的滑翔弹,新方法具有通用性.     

师范类专业学生信息素养现状及对策研究——以石河子大学为例

信息素养是信息时代社会成员的必备素质,也是大学生毕业后生存与发展不可缺少的基本能力。本文在问卷调查的基础上,通过个别访谈,以石河子大学为例,对师范类专业学生的信息素养现状进行了调查研究,提出一些有针对性的建议。     

再论“声纳测向精度海上动态测量计算公式”

声纳测向精度极大地影响着水下作战平台指控系统的性能,尤其是其中的目标运动要素解算功能。详细分析了目前工程仍在使用的一种声纳测向精度计算公式,提出了一种改进方法,使之能适应交叉航路态势,便于对艇艏圆柱阵/球形阵进行测试评估。鉴于已有方法的有偏性,提出了几种新的方法,新方法是渐近无偏的,量测点数越多,误差估计精度越高。针对存在系统偏差情形,提出了一种解决方案,仿真结果表明,当量测点充分多时（如n=1 000）,该方案能精确地估计出随机误差（均方根）和系统偏差,为完善声纳测向误差的精度评估,提供了一种支持手段。