日军大屠杀前南京人口疏散检讨

抗日战争爆发后,国民政府鉴于战争的发展,计划疏散南京城市人口。但实际仅秘密疏散了公务人员眷属。上海沦陷前后,国民政府将南京公职人员作为重点对象进行疏散,对普通居民则发布了"战时妇孺迁移办法",而实际对其缺乏有效的疏散组织。究其原因,国民政府企图通过稳定首都南京社会秩序,向外界展示抗日的决心;所统制的交通工具,忙于军事输送及国府西迁,无暇顾及平民百姓的疏散。南京城陷后,大量市民滞留南京,日军大屠杀得以上演。嗣后,国民政府吸取了教训,在重点城市开展了人口疏散工作。     

稀相气力输送CFD-DEM仿真中两种模型的比较

比较了两种不同的CFD-DEM数学模型(模型A和简化模型A)在稀相气力输送数值模拟中的性能。简化模型A忽略了空隙率对气相的影响,在节省仿真时间的同时也提高了计算的稳定性。使用两种模型分别对带有弯管的稀相气力输送系统进行了仿真,对比仿真结果表明:两种模型对颗粒绳分散速度和弯管出口处颗粒分布的预测几乎一致,对弯管入口处颗粒速度和弯管中接触信息的预测也仅存在较小差别。     

基于粗糙集理论的军队代储应急物资品种选择

从军队对应急物资的需求特点及应急物资的特征属性出发,构建了军队代储应急物资品种选择的指标体系。在此基础上,通过部队调研和专家经验获得了一组军队代储应急物资品种选择的样本数据并形成了决策表,运用基于可辨识矩阵的属性频率约简算法对决策表进行属性约简,并对约简属性集进行属性值约简,提取出军队代储应急物资品种的选择规则。提取的规则简洁合理,能够为军队代储应急物资品种选择提供决策支持。     

全CFRP筋混凝土柱低周反复荷载试验研究

考虑轴压比、剪跨比和配箍形式的影响,对6根全CFRP筋混凝土柱进行低周反复荷载试验,通过分析滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性系数和耗能能力等特征,研究CFRP筋混凝土柱的抗震性能。试验结果表明:CFRP筋混凝土柱具有较强承载能力和变形能力;轴压比和剪跨比是影响试件抗震性能的主要因素,轴压比越小,试件的变形和耗能能力越强,刚度退化越平缓,剪跨比越大,试件的变形能力越强;通用屈服弯矩法计算得到的延性系数能够较好反映CFRP筋混凝土柱的延性,轴压比越小、剪跨比越大,试件的延性越好;新型螺旋式矩形箍筋在试件延性及耗能方面表现良好,可以应用于工程实际。     

加油车加油系统瞬变流数值分析

针对加油车加油系统管路结构,利用特征线法和有限差分格式,对2种典型加油工况建立数学模型。用C#语言编制程序,对2种工况的泵出口压力和系统流量进行数值分析,得到压力和流量随时间变化的关系曲线。计算结果表明:单枪加油工况出现压力波动时间较早,且压力波动幅值较大。此方法更好地反映了加油系统的动态变化过程,为加油车虚拟训练系统的开发提供了理论依据。     

泵喷宽带非定常激振力预报与参数分析

为预报泵喷推进器转子与湍流互作用宽频非定常激振力,在Sears函数的基础上,考虑随机湍流波的影响,推导了螺旋桨宽频非定常激振力预报公式,并与实验值对比验证了该公式。进一步考虑泵喷推进器转子工作在前导叶尾流场的情况,通过Gauss尾流模型建立叶片尾流湍流波数谱,通过经验公式计算叶片尾流场参数。推导得到泵喷推进器转子宽频非定常激振力预报公式,通过公式计算得到的宽频非定常激振力与数值计算结果相近。分析了流场参数的变化对推进器转子宽频辐射噪声预报结果的影响。研究得到,湍流强度只影响宽频非定常激振力预报结果的幅值,湍流积分尺度对幅值和频谱形状都有较大的影响。     

Information disclosure with endogenous channel structure

This article investigates the firms' optimal quality information disclosure strategies in a supply chain, wherein the supplier may encroach into the retail channel to sell products directly to end consumers. We consider two disclosure formats, namely, retailer disclosure (R-C) and supplier disclosure (S-C), and examine the optimal disclosure format from each firm's perspective. We show that either firm prefers to delegate the disclosure option to its partner when the supplier cannot encroach. However, the threat of supplier encroachment dramatically alters the firm's preference of disclosure. The supplier may prefer the S-C format to the R-C format when the entry cost is low and the disclosure cost is high to achieve a higher quality information transparency. Meanwhile, the retailer may prefer the R-C format to the S-C format when the entry cost is intermediate to deter the possible encroachment of the supplier. In this sense, the firms' preferences of disclosure format can be aligned due to the threat of supplier encroachment. The consumer surplus is always higher under the S-C format while either disclosure format can lead to a higher social welfare. We also consider an alternative scenario under which the supplier encroaches after the product quality information is disclosed. An interesting observation appears that the supplier may encroach when the product quality is low but foregoes encroachment when the product quality gets higher.     

Coping with shortages caused by disruptive events in automobile supply chains

Unpredictable disruptive events significantly increase the difficulty of the management of automobile supply chains. In this paper, we propose an automobile production planning problem with component chips substitution in a finite planning horizon. The shortage of one chip can be compensated by another chip of the same type with a higher-end feature at an additional cost. Therefore, the automobile manufacturer can divert the on-hand inventory of chips to product lines that are more profitable in the event of shortages caused by supply chain disruptions. To cope with this, we propose a max-min robust optimization model that captures the uncertain supplies of chips. We show that the robust model has a mixed-integer programming equivalence that can be solved by a commercial IP solver directly. We compare the max-min robust model with the corresponding deterministic and two-stage stochastic models for the same problem through extensive numerical experiments. The computational results show that the max-min robust model outperforms the other two models in terms of the average and worst-case profits.     

基于系统论的水下集群作战效能评估

为建设强大的现代化海军,有人无人集群协同化作战是一个重要的研究方向。针对这种新的作战样式,对其作战效能进行评估显得尤为重要。对于这种多装备、强耦合、巨复杂的大系统,常规的效能评估方法并不完全适用。从系统论的角度出发,根据相似性原理将串联电路系统的部分理论引入到效能评估中,考虑作战环节中的串联特性,建立起系统整体和部分的有机统一。通过水下集群协同作战实例验证,表明该方法是有效且科学的,能够较准确地反映集群的总效能。     

一种临界速度估算方法及其对潜艇隐蔽作战的影响

考虑到潜艇航行速度对其隐蔽作战具有重要影响,提出了一种可行的临界速度估算方法,在螺旋桨以及潜艇的外形已经确定的前提下,计算出潜艇在不同航行深度时适用于隐蔽攻击的航行速度范围,并给出了两型潜艇临界速度随深度变化的曲线.计算分析结果表明:临界速度主要与潜艇所在深度有关,航行深度越大,潜艇进行隐蔽攻击的允许速度也越大;潜艇可...