Better is the Neighbor?

Abstract

This study applies the Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM), to investigate the convergence properties of the military expenditure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during the period of 1990–2015. Compared to the traditional methods, SPSM considers fundamentally general spatial homogeneous and heterogeneous relationships with countries and examines the evolution of military expenditure. We find that four-fifths of NATO member countries have been convergent with the UK, but no country’s military expenditure is convergent with the US. This means that there is no significant linkage effect in the US for NATO military expenditure. While they are allies of the US, the majority of NATO member countries’ military expenditures are consistent with UK military expenditure. The main reasons are due to the geographical space layout and the international relationship convergence. The results indicate that more than four-fifths of NATO member countries have been coordinated with convergence theory and spillover effect.     

A theory of war finance

This paper analyses the financial and war‐spending policies of a state that faces a conflict in which defeat would result in the loss of sovereign power and in which the material consequences, conditional on avoiding defeat, are stochastic. The analysis takes explicit account of the historical experiences of lenders, who face debt repudiation if the state to whom they have lent is defeated and who also face partial default if the material consequences of the war are unfavorable for the debtor state, even if it avoids defeat. In this analysis, the state uses war debt to smooth expected consumption intertemporally in response to temporary war spending, and the state also uses contingent debt servicing to insure realized consumption against the risk associated with the material consequences of the war. An important innovation in the analysis is to treat the equilibrium amount of war spending, the state's resulting probability of avoiding defeat, as well as the equilibrium amount of borrowing as a set of endogenous variables to be determined simultaneously.     

Comparison between constant‐stress and step‐stress accelerated life tests under Time Constraint

By running life tests at higher stress levels than normal operating conditions, accelerated life testing (ALT) quickly yields information on the lifetime distribution of a test unit. The lifetime at the design stress is then estimated through extrapolation using a regression model. In constant‐stress testing, a unit is tested at a fixed stress level until failure or the termination time point of test, whereas step‐stress testing allows the experimenter to gradually increase the stress levels at some prefixed time points during the test. In this work, the optimal k‐level constant‐stress and step‐stress ALTs are compared for the exponential failure data under complete sampling and Type‐I censoring. The objective is to quantify the advantage of using the step‐stress testing relative to the constant‐stress one. Assuming a log‐linear life–stress relationship with the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress in step‐stress testing, the optimal design points are determined under C/D/A‐optimality criteria. The efficiency of step‐stress testing to constant‐stress one is then discussed in terms of the ratio of optimal objective functions based on the information matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2013     

防空武器系统伪装技术及其发展趋势

介绍了防空武器系统伪装技术和发展现状,分析了防空武器系统伪装的发展趋势,并对我军在未来高技术条件下局部战争中的伪装方法提出了一些建议。     

技术标准在科技创新中的作用

武器装备和主导产业产品的研制和生产涉及大量的人力、物力和高新技术,使产品的设计和制造关系更加复杂,技术协调的难度更大。如此复杂的技术工作,只有在技术和管理两方面采用大量的有关标准——尤其是技术标准——来规范各项设计、制造行为,才有可能实现研制工作的有序、高效,保证在规定的研制周期内,制造出符合要求的产品。     

复铜与铜导线的高频电磁性能比较

本文用有限元法计算复铜导线和铜导线内部的电磁场分布,比较两种导线的电磁场及其传输参数,最后得出结论——在高频电路中复铜导线可以取代铜导线.     

单位反馈非线性系统的一种辨识方法

用算子符方法及傅里叶变换研究了单位反馈线性系统的一种辨识方法,并给出了辨识算式。     

微机控制系统中的信息交换技术探讨

说明了在DOS环境下如何利用内存直接映像技术在微机控制系统中实现信息交换.介绍了双端口数据存储器的使用;提供了解决在对数据交换的实时性要求较高的控制系统中如何进行数据交换这一问题的方法和思路.     

谈军用标准的实施与监督

本文阐述了军用标准实施与监督工作存在的问题,并从标准基本属性及其实施与监督的客观规律出发,提出了军用标准实施与监督体系建设应做好的工作。     

外卡式传感器特征参数的提取与分析

基于试验所检测到的压力波形,通过分析燃油喷射过程,提取了压力波形的特征参数,着重给出了特征点识别的新算法,井用MATLAB开发了相应软件。最后,根据识别结果,分析了调整参数对特征参数的影响。