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41.
Stephen M. Saideman 《Contemporary Security Policy》2016,37(2):289-305
The effort to degrade and defeat the Islamic State is like many other multilateral military efforts – characterized by widely varying contributions to the effort. This article seeks to understand the patterns of contributions. Three sets of explanations are applied: the lessons of Afghanistan and Libya, variations in how potential contributors feel the threat posed by the Islamic State, and domestic political dynamics. While there may be some political processes that overlap with the big lessons and with the threat of the Islamic State, the patterns of contributions thus far suggest that the key drivers of reactions to the Islamic State are the desire not to repeat Afghanistan combined with some impetus provided by Islamic State attacks in the various homelands. The conclusion suggests some policy implications as well as some ideas for future research. 相似文献
42.
Fernando M. M. Ruiz Florent Hainaut Nathalie Schiffino 《Defence and Peace Economics》2016,27(6):774-793
Lobbyists may not share the same interests, but they usually agree to form a link in a network which could eventually be used to spread information, to search for potential partners, to speak with one voice to decision makers. In other words, social links represent value for lobbyists because they may ultimately facilitate access. In this article, we explore the network of the Security and Defense lobbies in the EU and we describe its structure. 相似文献
43.
A new class of nonparametric reliability models is introduced and studied. A distribution is said to be better at age s than at age t (sBt) if the residual lifetime at age s is stochastically greater than or equal to the residual lifetime at age t. Applications to various forms of replacement policies, including the cannibalization of failed systems, are noted. For fixed s < t, the problem of estimating a survival curve assumed to belong to the sBt class is addressed using recursive methods. An sBt estimator is derived in closed form, and its uniform strong consistency at an optimal rate of convergence is demonstrated. A simulation study strongly supports the claim that the sBt estimator tends to outperform the empirical survivor function in small- and moderate-size samples. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
44.
We consider sequencing n jobs on a single machine subject to job completion times arising from either machine breakdowns or other causes. The objective is to minimize an expected weighted combination of due dates, completion times, earliness, and tardiness penalties. The determination of optimal distinct due dates or optimal common due dates for a given schedule is investigated. The scheduling problem for a fixed common due date is considered when random completion times arise from machine breakdowns. The optimality of a V-shaped about (a point) T sequence is established when the number of machine breakdowns follows either a Poisson or a geometric distribution and the duration of a breakdown has an exponential distribution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
45.
The facility location and capacity acquisition decisions are intertwined, especially within the international context where capacity acquisition costs are location dependent. A review of the relevant literature however, reveals that the facility location and the capacity acquisition problems have been dealt with separately. Thus, an integrated approach for simultaneous optimization of these strategic decisions is presented. Analytical properties of the arising model are investigated and an algorithm for solving the problem is devised. Encouraging computational results are reported. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
46.
We examine the problem of estimating the item fill rate in a periodic inventory system. We show that the traditional expressions for line item fill rate, found in many operations management textbooks, perform well for high fill rates (above 90%), but they consistently underestimate the true fill rate. The problem of underestimation becomes significant as the fill rate falls below 90% and is greatly amplified in cases with very low fill rates (below 50%). We review other more accurate expressions for fill rate, discussing their relative merits. We then develop an exact fill rate expression that is robust for both high and low fill rates. We compare the new expression to others found in the literature via an extensive set of simulation experiments using data that reflect actual inventory systems found at Hewlett-Packard. We also examine the robustness of the expressions to violations in the underlying assumptions. Finally, we develop an alternative fill rate expression that is robust for cases of high demand variability where product returns are allowed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
47.
A survey of the research done on preventive maintenance is presented. The scope of the present survey is on the research published after the 1976 paper by Pierskalla and Voelker [98]. This article includes optimization models for repair, replacement, and inspection of systems subject to stochastic deterioration. A classification scheme is used that categorizes recent research into inspection models, minimal repair models, shock models, or miscellaneous replacement models. 相似文献
48.
Identifying and ranking a most preferred subset of alternatives in the presence of multiple criteria
M. Murat Kksalan 《海军后勤学研究》1989,36(4):359-372
In this article an interactive method is developed to identify and rank a most preferred subset, T, of alternatives assuming that the decision maker has an implicit quasiconcave nondecreasing utility function. The method requires the decision maker to compare pairs of selected alternatives. Based on the responses of the decision maker, convex cones are constructed to eliminate alternatives that are proved to be inferior to alternatives in set T. The method aims at keeping the number of pairwise comparisons small. Computational experience with the method indicates that the required number of pairwise comparisons to form set T is usually small. However, the number of pairwise comparisons needed to confirm that this set is best may be large. 相似文献
49.
In Turner and Holmes [8] a model for evasive vehicle movement along a fixed track is developed within the mathematical framework of a two-state semi-Markov process. They derive a number of analytical properties of the model. In this article we address problems concerning the estimation of parameters in the model and the construction of data-based prediction equations. 相似文献
50.
Boland, Proschan, and Tong [2] used the notion of criticality of nodes in a coherent system to study the optimal component arrangement of reliability structures. They also provided a sufficient minimal cut (path) based criterion for verifying the criticality ordering of two nodes. We develop a necessary and sufficient condition for two nodes to be comparable and provide specific examples illustrating our result's applicability. As a corollary, certain optimal arrangement properties of well-known systems are derived. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献